Extei'iially like R. calicaris, hut distinguished by its curved spores.
The apothecia are small and numerous ; the spermatia are 0,0035-45 mm.
long, 0,001 mm. thick.
Hab. On the branches of trees in upland situations.—Distr. Gathered
only very sparingly in W. England and N. AVales.—B. M, : Near Barmouth,
.Alerionethshire; Kendal, AA’estmoreland ; Lamplugh, Cumberland.
5. E. f a s tig ia ta Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 603 pro pa rte .—
Thallus subrigid, subcompressed or inflatu-hollow, smoothish or longitudinally
unequal and nervoso-rugose, palo straw-coloured or
greenish-white ; laciniæ short, subfastigiate, crowded (medulla
K —). Apotheoia terminal, peltato-sessile, plane or convex, small
or moderate, pale-testaceous or glaucous, the receptacle somewhat
rugose beneath ; spores oblongo-ellipsoid, curved, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 7 mm.
long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thick.—Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 400; Hook. El.
Scot. ii. p. 68 ; Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 225 ; Tayl. in Alack. Fl. Hib. ii.
p. 85 ; Loight. Lioh. Fl. ed. 2, p. 473, ed. 3, p. 86.— Ramalina
calicaris /3. fastigiata Aludd, Alan. p. 73 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 25 ;
Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 94. Lichen fastigiatus Pers. iu Ust. N. Ann.
i. (1794) p. 2 5 6 ; Eng. Bot. t. 890 (lower figs.). Lichen ealiearis
Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 451 pro parte ; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 834 pro
parte. Lichenoides cornutum bronchiale molle, suhtus incanum Dill.
Afuso. ICO, t . 21. f. 55 B. Lichenoides coralliforme, rostratum et
canalieulatum Dill. AIuso. 170, t. 23. f. 62 o.—B r it. E xs.: Leight.
n. 32 : Aludd, n. 4 3 ; Larbal. Cæsar. n. 6 0 ; Lich. Hb. n. 287 :
Bohl. n. 22.
Although Nylander (Alon. Ram. p. 39) considers this to be scarcely
more than a variety or subspecies of the preceding, yet its constant
characters induce me to treat it as a species. From young states of
R. fraxinea it is distinguished by the thallus being cæspitose, erect, more
contracted and subfastigiately divided. Externally it approaches R. calicaris
var. sub fastigiata, hut the spores are more typically curved. The
apothecia are usually very numerous and the spermogones rare, with
spermatia 0,0035 mm. long, about 0,001 mm. thick.
Hah. On the trunks, and more especially on the branches, of trees in
wooded maritime and upland districts.—Distr. General and common in
Great Britain, seldom seeu in the fir woods of the Highlands ; rare in
Ireland and the Channel Islands.—B. AI. : Islands of Jersey and Guernsey.
Epping p’orest and Copthall Green, Essex; Penshurst, Ken t; Beeding
Priory, Sussex; New Forest, Hampshire; near Ryde, Isle of AA'ight;
near Penzance and AA’ithiel, Cornwall; Cirencester, Gloucestershire;
Eversden AA’ood, Cambridgeshire ; Charnwood P’orest, Leicestershire ;
Alalvern and Broadwas, AA’oreestershire ; near Oswestry and Shrewsbury,
Shropshire; Causeway, AA’arwickshire; Aberdovej’, Alerioneth, and Anglesea;
near Over, Cheshire; Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, Durham;
Kendal, AA’estmoreland ; Lamplugh, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire
; Yester House, Haddington; Roslin and Bonally, Alid-
Lothian ; Bowling Bay, Dumbarton ; Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Loch
Tay, Blaeberry Hill, and Blair Athole, Perthshire; Abergeldie and
Craig Coinnoch, Braemar, Aberdeensliire ; Glen Nevis, Inverness-sbire ;
near Strathpeffer, Ross-shire; Lairg, Sntherlandsbire. Derriqnin, co.
Kerrv.
Form minutula F r. fil. Lich. Soand. i. (1871) p. 3 7 .—Thallus
very small, oæspitoso-ereot, very much branched, non-sorediiferous,
somowhat shining. Apothecia never seen.— Cromb. Grevillea, vii.
p. 141.— Rama lin a farinacea a. minutula Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810)
p. 606. Lichenoides segmentis angustioribus, ad margines verrucosis et
pid ven d en tis Dill. AIusc. 172, t. 23. f. 63 a .
Referred by Acharius and most authors to R. farinacea, this is rightly
placed by Fries fil. (1. e.) under the present species. Probably a young
and barren state.
Hah. On pales, cliiefly larch, in wooded upland districts.—Distr. Local
in S. England, S., N.E., and N. Scotland; no doubt often overlooked.—
B. AI. ; New Forest, Hants. Swanston, near Edinburgh; Park, near
Aberdeen ; Lairg, Sutherlandshire.
6. E . polymorpha Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 600.—Thallus
rigid, compressed, iiervoso-unequal or longitudinally sublaounose,
moderate, subopaque, granuloso-sorediate, suhlineari-laciniatc, glaucous
or greenish-white ; laoiuiæ plane, suhsimple, often somewhat
broad (medulla K —). Apotheoia marginal, concave, small, qiale-
yellow or glaucescent, th e receqitaole rugoso-uneqnal or smoothish ;
spores oblong, stra ig h t or su b stra ig h t, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 4 -5
mm. th ick .—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 47 ; Lich. Brit. p. 25 pro pa rte ;
Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 474 pro p arte, et var. ligulata, ed. 3, p. 87
pro p a rte .—Lichen polymorphus Ach. Prodr. (1798) p. 178.
A variable species, of which ligulata Ach. (Aleth. p. 265), Lich. Univ.
p. 600, is the type. From all states of R. cuspidata, with which it
agrees iu the reaction of the medulla, it is distinguished hy the concolorous
globuloso-grauulose soredia, more or less scattered over tlie
thallus. I t has not occurred with us fertile.
Hab. On exposed rocks in maritime tracts.—Distr. Local and scarce
on the N.E. coast of Scotland.—B. AI. : Near Portlethen, Kincardineshire.
Var. p . emplecta Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 601.—Laciniæ
attenuate, very much branched, acuminate, granulate. Apothecia
not seen.— Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 47 ; Leight. Lioh. FL ed. 2,
p. 475 pro p a rte , ed. 3, p. 87 pro p a rte .—Parmelia polymorpha
e. emplecta Aoh. Aleth. (1803) p. 267.
Distinguished by the narrower and muoh branched laciniæ, which are
also more erect, aud somewhat rounded and acuminate at the apices.
The soredia are not crowded in our specimens, which are always sterile.
Hah. On rooks and boulders in mountainous regions.—Distr. Local
and scarce in the N. Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. ; Near Loch Callater,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Subsp. E. capitata Nyl. ex Cromb. Grevillea, vii. (1879) p. 141.—
Thallus small, with the laciniæ linear!-divided, branched, obtuse and
capitato-sorediate a t tho apices. Apotheoia term in al or subterminal,
th e receptacle beneath a t length nervoso-rugose or costato-nervose ;
spores oblong, slightly curved or su b stra ig h t.—Ramalina pioly-
I', -t i1l11