it was mixed up with similar species, especially C. grmmliferum. I t
is more likely to be confounded with states of C. flaccldum, hut may
be readily and certainly recognized by the reaction with iodine in a tliin
.section of the thallus. The apothecia become, in old age, convex, dark,
and iinmarginate.
Hab. On rocks and old walls, chieflv calcareous, rarely on the ground
111 maritime and upland tracts. —Histr'. Local and rare in Great Britain
and Ireland.—B. M .; Waltliaiustow and Ilford, Essex; East Barnet,
Sliddlese.x Ditcliam and Babbiconibo, Devonshire; near Marlborough,
Somersetshire ; Ilodmorton and near Cirencester, Gloucestershire : Ludlow,
Shropsliire; Garregwn rocks, Denbighshire; Kokeby, Durham;
Kirby Lonsdale, Westmoreland; near Whitehaven, Ciiinherland. Appin,
Argyleshire ; Killin aud Blair Athole, Perthshire. Killarney, co. Kerry.
^ Form tiinseforme Nyl. ex Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1874, p. 333.—
Thalline lobes ra th e r longer, more deeply in c ise d ; otherwise as in
th e type.— Oollema tunmforme Sm. Eng. El. v. p. 211 ; Mudd, Man.
IL 30.^ Lichen tiinceformis Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 132 ; Dicks. Crypt,
laso. iv. p. 25. Lichenoides gelatinosum fo liis latioribus tunifor-
mibus Dill. Muse. 142, t. 19. f. 29 a , b .
This differs nierety in the longer, more deeply incised lobes, which are
also somewhat rugose. Like the species, it may be either naked or
graniilato-furfuraceous. I t is very rare in a fertile condition.
Hab. On calcareous rocks and walls in maritime and upland situations.
—Distr. Seen only from.W. and N. England, the S.W. Highlands,
Scotland, and S.W. Ireland.—B. M .: Near Winson, Gloucestershire;
Teesdale, Durham. Island of Lismore, Argyleshire. Dunkerron, co.
Keny.
9. C. flaccidum Aoh. Sjm. (1814) p. 322.—ThaUiis broadly lobed,
opaque, smoothish or blaokish-granulate, dark-green or brownish-
green ( I —) ; lobes flaccid, discrete, round, flexuose, w ith entire
margins. Apotheoia moderate, scattered, plane, reddish-brown, the
margin th in , e n tir e ; spores ovoid or broadly fusiformi-oblong,
3-septaJe, often becoming 5-septate, 0 ,0 2 3 -2 8 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 0
mm. th ic k .-N y l. Syn. i. p. 1 0 7 ; Hook. El. Soot. ii. p. 7 2 ; Sm.
Eng. F l. V . p . 2 1 1 ; Tayl. in Mack. F l. Hib. ii. p. 1 1 0 ; Cromb.
Lich. Brit. p. 0 ; Leight. Lioh. F l. p. 25, ed. 3, p. 2 3 .— Lathagrium
fiaeeidum Gray, Nat. A rr. i. p. 400. Synechoblastus Jlaeeidus Mudd,
Man. p. 42. Lichen ji'aecidus Ach, N. Act. Stock, v. (1795) p. 14,
t. 1. f. 4. Lichen rupestris With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 76.—B r it. E x s. :
Leight. n. 345.
From the preceding, which it resembles, this is distinguished by the
flaccid thallus, which gives no reaction with iodine. I t is generaUy
expanded, rather thin, loosely alfixed to the substratum, and usually
sprinkled, or when old nearly covered, on the upper surface with black
pulverulent granules. The apothecia, Avliich are rare iu this country, are
scattered, and from concave become somewhat convex.
^ Hab. On old walls, rooks, and trunks of trees, iu shady places in upland
districts.—Distr. General, and common where it occurs, in Great
Britain and Ireland.—B. M. ; Pyecombe, Sussex; St. Johns, Isle of
W ig h t; near Plvmstock, East Lyn, Kingskerswell, and Cocking'ton,
; iji ,1
L;':
Devonshire ; Boconnoc, Camelford, and St. Minver, Cornwall ; near
Worcester and Malvern, Worcestershire ; Barmouth, Dolgelly, and Lyn
Gwernan, Merionethshire ; Nànt Gwynant, Carnarvonshire ; Eievaulx,
Yorkshire ; near Kendal and Windermere, Westmoreland ; Keswick,
Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; King’s Park, Edinburgh
; Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Killin, Kenmore, Kinnoull Hill, and
Craïghall, Perthshire; Den of Glammis, Forfarshire; Craig Coinnoch,
Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Applecross, Ross-shire. Mallow, co. Cork ;
Blackwater Bridge, co. Kerry.
d. Thallus miorophyUine, variously lobod.
10. C. pulposum Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 311. Thallus thickish,
subimbricato-lobed, olive-brown or dark-greenish ; lobes nearly
entire or repando-crenate, often plicate (I-|-red d ish ). Apothecia
moderate, concave or plane, reddish or dark-red, th e margin thick,
entire ; spores ovoid, usually 3-septate, or also w ith longitudinal
septules, 0 ,0 1 6 -2 4 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 7 -1 0 mm. th ick .—Mudd, Man.
p. 38 pro p., t. i. f. 3 ; Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 4 ; Leight. Lich. Fl.
p. 18, od. 3, p. 18.—Lichen pulposus Bornh. Schrad. Journ. (1799)
i. p. 7, t. 1. f. 1. Lichen erispv.s Eng. Bot. t. 834. Lichenoides
gelatinosum fo liis imbricatis et cristatis Dill. Muse. 1 4 0 ,1 .19. f. 26 o.
— B rit. Exs. : Cromb. n. 4.
From allied species this is distinguished by its thick, pulpy thallus,
the repand, crenate, and often plicate lobes, and by the entire margin of
the apothecia. Frequently seen in a rudimentary nostocine condition,
and then not conspicuous unless in wet weather, when the thallus swells
considerably. The apothecia are chiefly central, numerous, sometimes
becoming confluent, and slightly convex, with thin recurved margin.
Hab. On the ground and old walls, chiefly calcareous, in maritime and
upland districts.—Distr. General in the Channel Islands, and iu most
parts of Great Britain and Ireland.—B. M. ; St. Saviour’s Hill, Island of
Guernsey. Beigate Hill, Surrey ; Shoreham, Kent ; Lewes and Hurst-
pierpoint, Sussex ; Uudercliff and Shanklin, Isle of Wight ; near Plymouth
and Torquay, Devonshire ; St. Minver, Cornwall ; Preston, "Wilt-
shire ; Bathampton Downs, Somersetshire ; Tetbury and Cirencester,
Gloucestershire; Norton, AVorcestershire; Barmouth, Merionethshire;
Teesdale, Durham ; Kendal, Westmoreland ; near Whitehaven, Cumberland.
Appin, Argyleshire ; Killin, Perthshire. Great Island, co. Cork ;
Killarney, co. Kerry.
Form compactum Nyl. Syn. i. (1858) p. 109.—Thallino lobes
densely complioato-imbrioate, somewhat rugose ; apothecia reddish.
—Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1874, p. 333 ; Leight. Lich. F l. ed. 3, p. 18.
— Collema compì actum Ach. Syn. (1814) p. 313.
The closely imbricate and rougher thallus distinguishes this form,
whioh, however, is connected with the type by intermediate, states, depending
on the nature of the habitat. When fertile, the apothecia are
numerous and become darker with age.
Hah
scarce
I. On the ground in maritime and upland tracts.—Distr. Local and
in a typical condition, having been observed only in W. England
and in the S. and W. Highlands, Scotland.—B. M .; Kemble, Gloucestershire
; Malvern, AVorcestershire. Island of Ijismore, Argyleshire ;
Killin, Perthshire.