m
i
sessile, plane, brownish- or reddisb-yellow ; th e th allin e margin
tumid, flexuose or suborenate ; spores ellipsoid, 0,0 0 8 -1 1 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thiok ; paraphyses not discrete, tawny-yellow a t the
apices ; hymenial gelatine scarcely tinged, b u t th e thecæ bluish with
iodine.—Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 53 ; Leight. Lich. F l. p. 205, ed. 3,
p. 189.— Lichen epanorus Aoh. Prodr. (1798) p. 39. Lecanora alho-
Jlavida Tayl. in Mack. F l. Hib. ii. p. 260 ; Mudd, Man. p. 155.—B rit.
Exs. : Leight. n. 397.
AA'ell characterized by the citrine soredia with which the thallus is
sprinkled throughout, and which often at lengtli obliterate the subsquamulose
granules. Iu the Biitish specimens the liypotliallus is scarcely
visible, and the granules are more or less scattered. Tlie apothecia are
present on a single specimen sparingly and not very well developed.
Hah. On rocks and walls, chiefly schistose, in maritime and upland
districts.—Distr. Local iu N. AA'ales, the S.AA'. and Central Highlands of
Scotland, and in S.AA^. Ireland.—B. M. : Cader Idris, Dolgelly (fruit),and
Barmouth, Merionethshire. Ballachiilish, Argyleshire ; Glen Fender,
Blair Athole, Perthshire. Dunkerron, co. Kerry.
115. L. v a r ia Aoh. Syn. (1814) p. 161.—Thallus subdeterminate
or effuse, thinnish, aroolato-verrucose or granulato-unequal, yellowish
green or straw-coloured (K + yellow, CaCl —) ; hypothallus in distinct.
Apothecia numerous, moderate, sessile, plane or subplane,
concolorous with the thallu s or pale-yellow or sublivid, often p ru i-
noso-suffused ; the th allin e margin persistent, subentire, a t length
angulose ; spores ellipsoid, 0 ,0 0 9 -1 1 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -6 mm. thick ;
paraphyses not discrete ; epitheoium granulose ; hymenial gelatine
bluish, th en somewhat sordid with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii.
p. 69 ; Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 190 pro parte ; Tayl. in Mack. F l. Hib.
ii. p. 137 pro pa rte ; Mudd, Man. p. 149 pro p a rte ; Cromb. Lich.
Brit. p. 52 pro pa rte ; Leight. Lich. F l. p. 192 pro parte, ed. 3,
p. 176 pro parte.—Binodina varia Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 452. Lichen
varius Ehrh. Crypt. (1785) n. 68 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1666.—B r it. Exs. :
Leight. n. 51 ; Larb. Lieh. Hb. n. 215 ; Bohl. n. 107.
A much less variable plant than its trivial name imports and as was
formerly supposed, in consequence of the separation by Nylander on anatomical
and other grounds of several species th at follow. AVith us the
thallus is generally widely effuse and at times is very scanty. The apothecia
are often crowded, angulose, almost obliterating the thaUus. The
spermogones, which are not unfrequent, are immersed, dark brown or
blackish.
Hah. On old pales and on the trunks of trees (chiefly pines) in maritime
and upland districts.—Distr. General and common in Great Britain,
rare in the Channel Islands and apparently in Ireland.—B. M. : Island of
Guernsey. Near Yarmouth, Suftblk; AValthamstow, Essex; Finchley,
Middlesex ; Shiere, Surrey ; St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex ; Lyndhurst,
New Forest, Hants : near ilovey Tracey, S. Devon ; Elstree, Hertfordshire
; Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire ; Hay
Park, Herefordshire; Battenhall, near AVorcester; Harboro’ Magna,
AVarwickshire ; Barmouth, Merionethshire ; near Shrewsbury, Shropshire;
Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Wark-on-Tyne and near Hexham,
413
Nortliumberland. Killin, Perthshire; Durris, Kincardlnesbire ; Crathie
and Glen Dee, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus, Inverness-shire.
Carrigaline, co. Cork; Killarney, co. Kerry.
Form pleorytis Aoh. Syn. (1814) p. 161 (exol. syn.).—Thallus
determinate, thickish, granulate, yellow. Apotheoia crowded, concolorous,
the thalline margin inflexed and crenulate.—Cromb. Grevillea,
xviii. p. 69.— Parmelia varia /3. pleorytis Ach. Meth. (1803)
p. 178.
Differs cliiefly in the character of the thalline margin, which is as if
incised. This, however, is less visible in the young apothecia of the only
British specimen (fragmentary).
Hah. On old pales in an upland district.—Distr. Only very sparingly
In the S. Grampians, Scotland.—B. M .: Lawers, Killin, Perthshire.
110. L. conizsea Nyl. Flora, 1872, p. 249.—Thallus effuse,
thiokish, leproso-pulverulent, whitish-yellow (K + yellow, CaCl—).
Apotheoia leoanorine, small or moderate, plane or somewhat convex,
pale or pale flesh-coloured, at length b row n ish ; th e thalline margin
en tire or flexuose, somewhat thickish, p u lv e ru len t; spores ellipsoid,
0 ,0 1 0 -1 4 mm. long, 0,0046 mm. th ick ; hymenial gelatine bluish,
th en tawnj'-yellow w ith iodine.—Cromb. Trans. Essex Field Club,
iv. p. 64.— Lecanora, varia var. conizcea Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 5 2 ;
Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 193. Lecanora expaUens var. /3. conizcea Ach.
Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 374. Lecanora lutescens Leight. Lich. Fl.
ed. 3, p. 184 pro parte. Lecanora sarcopis suhsp. homopis {non Nyl.)
Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1873, p. 133. Lecidea fa rin a ria Borr. Eng.
Bot. Suppl. t. 2727.— Brit. E x s .: Cromb. n. 1 6 3 ; Leight. n. 378.
Well distinguished from L. varia by the paler, leprose thallus and the
pulverulent margin of the apothecia. In a young state the thallus is
thinnish, but subsequently becomes rather thick and spreads extensively.
The apothecia are numerous when present (for the plant is often sterile),
and become dark-brown and flexuose in age.
Hab. On old pales, chiefly oak, in lowland and upland districts.—Distr.
Local in S., Central, W. and N. England, but abundant where it occurs.
.—B. M. ; Albourne, Sussex ; Finchley, Middlesex ; Reigate, Surrey ;
Epping Forest, Essex; Elstree, Herts; Penshurst, Ken t; Gopsall Park,
Leicestershire; Stableford, Shropshire; Urpeth Valley, Durham; Asby,
Cumberland.
117. L. conizseoides Nyl. ex Cromb. Jo u rn . Bot. 1885, p. 195.—
Thallus effuse, somewhat thiokish, leprose or suhleprose, pale- or
whitish-yellow (K f+ y e llow ish , CaCl—). Apotheoia lecanorine,
suhmoderate, innato-sessile, pale-yellow or livid-brownish ; th e th a lline
margin persistent, crenulate and often inflexed ; spores oblong,
0 ,0 0 9 -1 1 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine bluish,
th en sordid with iodine.
Intermediate between L. varia and L. conizcea, to which latter the
thallus is almost similar, though the spores are more turgid. From L.
\ ;
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