gones ave situated at the apices of the marginal cilia, with spermatia
0,005-0 nim. long, 0,001 mm. tliick. A parasitic fungus, Sphæria cetra-
riico/a Xyl., is occasionally seen on the thallus ; in Lapland it has been
seen also on C. /liasoeiis.
liai). Ou tlie ground among heath, and in stony places in upland, sub-
aljiiiie, and especially in alpine situations.— Not general iior com-
nion on tlie mts. of X. Wales, X. England, S.W'. Ireland, and S. and N.
Scotland, but very plentiful amongst the Grampians, especially in Braemar,
where it occurs iu fruit on some of the loftier summits occasionally
descending to low altiuides ou more e.xposed ujiland heatlis.—B. M. ;
W ootton Common, Norfolk ; Stockton Forest, Laiigwith Moor, and Sten-
shall Common, A orkshire ; Snowdon, Caniarvonshire ; Cwm Bvchan,
Merionethshire; Teesdale, Durham. Cheviot Hills, Hoxhurglishire;
Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Mael Graedha and Ben Lawers, Perthshire
; Clova Alts, aud Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire ; Hills of Nigg , near
Aberdeen ; Alorrone, Lochnagar and Ben Alacdhui, Braemar ; Ben Nevis,
Inverness-shire. Slieve Douard, co. Down ; Alangerton, co. Kerry.
Form p la ty n a F r. Lich. Europ. (1831) p. 37.—Laciniæ ra th e r
broad, subsimple and sparingly denticulate a t tb e margins. Apothecia
large.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 48 : Leight. Liob. El. p. 96,
ed. 3, p. 91 pro parte. Cetraria p la ty n a Aoh. Syn. (1814) p. 229.
Cetraria h jm d i c a f. dilatata Norrl., Cromb. Liim. Soc. Journ. Bot.
1880, p. 575. Lichenoides rigidum erunqii foliis referons DiU. Muse.
209, t. 28. f. 11 1 b .
Varies iu colour like the type, with the laciniæ occasionally 1 inch in
breadth. The apothecia are' usually rather large and few, with the margin
generally excluded. From the paucity of the marginal cilia, the
spermogones are rarely seen.
Hab. On the ground ainong heaths in alpine places.—DfsO-. Local on
the loftier Grampians, chiefly in Braemar, at high altitudes, where it is
not uncommon.—B. AI. : Lochnagar, Ben-naboord, Ben Alacdhui, Cairngorm,
Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeenshire; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire.
2. C. c risp a Nyl. ex J,amy, Bull. Soo. Bot. F r. xxv. (1878) p. 362.
■ Thallus somewhat small, cæspitose, erect or depressed, pale-chestn
u t or chestnut-brown ; laciniæ crowded, ra th e r narrow, canaliculate,
densely eiliate and connivent a t th e margins, often reddish at
tb e base (K _ , CaCl_). Apotheoia smaU, submarginal, tb e margin
persistently denticulate ; spores as in tb e preceding species, or slightly
smaller.—Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 48.—Subsp. Cetraria crispa,
Cromb. Grevillea, xii. p. 73. Cetraria Islándica f r crispa Aoh. Lich.
Univ. (1810) p. 513 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 26 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl.
p. 9 / ,e d . 3, p. 92. Cornicularia Islándica fi. crispa, Mudd, Alan,
p. 77. Lichen Islandicus p Lightf. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 8 3 0 ; Huds. F l.
Angl. ed. 2, p. 539 ; W ith . Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 54. Lichenoides eryngii
fo lia referons, tenuioribus et crispiox-ibus fo liis Dill. Muse. 212, t. 28.
f- 112. B r it. E xs . : Mudd, n. 6 2 ; Leight. n. 42 pro parte.
Smaller, and somewhat pulvinate, with narrower and more eiliate laciuiæ
tliau 6. Islándica, of which it w'as considered a varietv, hut is now separated
as a species by Nylander. The apothecia are very rare in Britain.
Hah. On the ground among mosses in subalpine and alpine districts.—
Distr. Local in N. W'ales, N. England, and S. Scotland, more frequent
among the Grampians, especially in Braemar.—B. AI. ; Snowdon aud
Carnedd IJewellyn, Carnarvonshire ; Teesdale, Durham. Pentland Hills,
near Edinburgh ; Mael Graedha, Ben Lawers, and Raimoch, Perthshire ;
Katelaw, Forfarshire ; Alorrone and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeenshire
; Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire.
Form su b tu b u lo s a Cromb. Grevillea, xv. (1886) p. 48.—Laciniæ
interru p ted ly tubuloso, with the suture ciliato-spinulose. Apotbecia
n o t seen.— Oetx-aria Islándica f. subtubulosa F r. Licb. E ur. (1831)
p. 37.
A modification of the preceding, wliicb scarcely deserves to rank as a
separate form. The thallus is only sparingly branched, and is never seen
fertile.
Hab. On mossy ground among boulders in alpine places.—Distr. Local
aud uncommon on a few of the higher Grampians, Scotland.—B. AI. ; Katelaw,
Forfarshire ; Ben-naboord and Cairntoul, Braemar, Aberdeeushire.
3. C. M ascens F r. fil. Lioh. Scand. (1871) p. 98.—Thallus densely
cæspitose, subfoliaoeous, canaliculate or somewhat jilane, opaque, pale-
or dark-brown, with white impressed soredia a t th e back, often stained
yellowish-brown a t the base ; laciniæ narrow, sparingly oiliato-spinu-
lose, muoh and repeatedly dicbotomouslj' b ranched a t th e apices (K~»
CaClj“ ^,gjijjg]^). Apotbecia adnate to th e upper surface of the apices
of the laciniæ, elevated, moderate, subconeolorous, th e margin sometimes
denticulate ; spores as iu th e preceding species.—Cromb.
Grevillea, xv. p. 48.— Cetraria aculeata b. hiascexis F r. lic h . Europ.
(1831) p. 36. Cetraria Delisei (Bory), Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 20 ;
Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 97, ed. 3, p. 92.
Differs from C. crispa in tlie laciniæ and the chemical reaction of the
medulla. The thallus, which is rather brittle when dry, varies considerably
in colour and in the length of the laciuiæ, being dark and short in
Britain. Neither the apothecia nor the spermogones occur in this
country.
Hah. Among mosses on the ground in alpine places.—Distr. E x tremely
local and rare on the summits of two of the loftier N. Grampians,
Scotland.—B. AI. : Lochnagar and Ben Alacdhui, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
4. C. a c u le a ta Er. Sj'st. Orb. Veg. (1825) p. 2 3 9 .—Thallus cæspitoso
frutioulose, rigid aud somewhat fragile, fistulöse, erect, somewhat
rounded or anguloso-unequal, or somewhat compressed, su b laounose,
very much and irregularly branched, b rig h t- or d a rk -
b row n ; branches divaricate, more or less blaokish-spinulose (K “ >
CaCl]])- Apothecia subterminal, concolorous, small or moderate,
th e margin spinuloso-denticulate ; spores 0 ,0 0 5 -9 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 3 -
4 mm. thiok.—Cromb. Lioh. Brit. p. 26 ; Leigbt. Lich. F l. p. 97,
ed. 3, p. 92.— Cox-nicularia acitZcuia Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 405 ; Hook.
F l. Scot. ii. p. 69 ; Sm. E n g . F l. v. p. 228 ; Tayl. in Alack. F l . l l ib .
ii. p. 86 ; Aludd, Alan. p. 77 (inol. p . coelocaula F lo tt.). Lichcxi ucu-
■:* !
i '
M.:;
H . '