glaucous-whitc, beucath black, glabrous, rngiilose, th e lobes croso-
crenato and eiliate a t the margins CaCl“ ). Aqiothecia
m oderate or largo, scattered, elevated, urceolato-subiiedicellate,
badio-recldisli, tho margin frequently eroso-crenatc and sometimes
eiliate ; sq)ores as iu tlio qiroccding.—Cromb, Grevillea, xv. p. 74.—
/ ’(innclia perlata fl. ciliata Aludd, Alan. p. 92 qiro parto ; Cromb.
Lich. lirit. p. 3 2 ; Leight. Lich. IT. p. 129, ed. 3, p. 120. Loharia
perlata var. ciliata DC. Fl. F r. ii. (1805) ji. 403. Parmelia pro-
hosciJea Tayl. in Alack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 143. Parmelia perforata
8m. Eng. F l. v. p. 200 jiro parto. Lichen pierforatus Éng. liot.
t. 2423 pro p a rte .— As Nylander observes (Flora, 18G9, p. 91), this
should perhaps be referred to P. crinita Aoli.—B rit. E.vs. : Larb.
Cæsar. n. 17 ; Lich. I lb . n. 80 ; Loight. n. 112 ; Cromb. n. 30.
Differs from the type in being frequently more or less coralloideo-
isidiiferoiis (form e.rcre.scens Arn.) and iu liaving the lobes, which are
occasionally dissected at the margins (form dissectida Nyl, in Leight. Dr.
Fl. iii. p. 120), fringed with elongated cilia, whioh are sometimes shorter
or almost wanting. These différences, aud the character of the margins
of the apothecia, entitle it to rank at least as a sub.species, if not as
a distinct species. In this country, as in most other parts of Europe, tho
apothecia are rare. They are usually scattered, though sonietimes two or
three are congregate and smaller.
Jlab. On the trunks of old trees, as also on rocks and boulders iu shady
jilaces in maritime and upland districts.—Histr. General in S. and
\V. England and N. AVales ; rarer in the AV. Highlands of Scotland,
\A'. Ireland, and the Channel Islands.—B. AI. : E. coast of Jersej’; Island
of Guernsey. High Ilocks, Tunbridge AA’ells, Kent ; St. Leonard’s Forest,
Sussex ; Isle of AVight ; Lustleigh Cleeve, Hay Tor, Lydford, and Bolt
Head, Devonshire ; near Penzance and Helminton, Cornwall ; St. Alary’s,
Scilly Islands ; Malvern, AA’orcestershire ; Dolgelly, Nanuau, and Barmouth,
Alerionethshire ; Hiver Elwy, Carnarvonshire ; Keswick and
Eskdale, Cumberland ; near Kendal, AVestmoreland. New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire ; near Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire ; Barcaldine,
.‘Argylesliire ; shores of Loch Tay, Perthshire ; Lochaber, Inverness-
■shire ; Applecross, Ross-shire. Dunkerron Alts., Killarney, and Diuis,
CO. Ken-y ; Connemara, co. Galway.
2. P. o liv e to rum Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F . e tF l. Fenn. Forh. n. s.
V. (1866) p. 180.—ih a llu s expanded, roundly lobed, smooth,
grej ish-green ; beneath blackish, very sparingly aud shortly rlii-
ziuoso, lobes elevated, crisp, incurved, thickened and white-sorediate
a t th e m argins (K+y®6ow^ CaCl]|[j,g|j). Apothecia moderate, reddishbrown,
the thalline margin cntiro ; spores 0 ,0 1 4 -1 8 mm. long,
^0,007-12 mm. th ick .—Loight. Lich. Fl. p. 130, ed. 3, p. 121.—
Parmelia perlata fl. olivetorum Aoh. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 458.
From the sorediate states of P. perlata this is at once distinguished hj’
the different reaction of the medulla with CaOl. The soredia are minute,
confined to and bordering the margins of the lobes. AVlien growing, and
in wet weather, it is of a greenish colour, resulting from fhe cortical layer
being subhyaline (Nylander, Pyr. Or. p. 16). Neither apothecia iior
spermogones are present in our llritish specimens.
Ilah. On the trunks of trees and ou rocks in wooded maritime and
mountainous districts.—Disir. Apparently very local and rare in S. England
(Danny, S u s s e x ,/* Nyl.), iu N. AVales,'and the S.AV. Highlands,
Scotland.—B. AI. ; Drews-y-nant, Alerionethshire. Barcaldine, Argyleshire.
3. P. cetrarioides Nyl. Flora, 1809, p. 290.—Thallus largo,
orbicular or expanded, subcoriaceous, smoothish, roundly lobed,
glaucous-white ; beneath brownish-blaok or blackisb, paler at tho
circumference, with few and short rhizinæ ; lobes broad, crenate,
elevated, crisp and sorediate a t th e margins (X + o‘'ange-yellow^ CaCl“ ,
medulla K(CaCl)f+reddish). Apothecia moderate or largo, badio-
reddish, th e margin entire ; spores 0,012-14 ram. long, 0,006-7 mm.
thiok.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 34 ; Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 128, cd. 3,
p. 119.—Parmelia perlata var. cetrarioides Del. in Dub. Bot. Gall.
(18i9) p. 601.
Near to P. olivetorum, but usually (at least witli us) a larger plant, and
with a different medullary reaction with CaCl. i t also resembles states
of Platysma ylaucum, from -which the sparingly rhizinose under surface
separates it. In some habitats, as also in herbaria, the thallus becomes
brownish and the soredia form a tine narrow border on the margins of the
lobes. The apothecia in this country are extremely rare, and ouly once
seen fully developed. The sperinogoues also are seldom present.
Jlah. On the trunks of old trees, rarely on rocks, in wooded maritime
and upland districts.—Histr. Rather local and scarce in N. AVales,
S, Scotland, and the AV. Highlands ; rare in the Channel Islands.—
B. AI. : Rozel, Island of Jersey. New Forest, Hampshire; Isle of
AATght ; Dai-trnooi- aud Biekleig-lr Vale, Devonshire ; Helminton, Cornwall
; Dolgelly, Aberdovey, aud near Bamiouth (ii-uit), Alerionetlishire ;
Island of Anglesea. New Galloway, Kirkcudhrightshire ; Appin, Argyleshire
; Loch Katrine, Perthshire ; Loch Linnhe, Inveruess-shire.
4. P. perforata, Aoh. Aleth. (1803) p. 217.—Thallus suborbicular,
membranaceous, inabrioato-lobed or lobato-laciniate, smooth, minutely
retioulato-rimulose, whitish or glaucous-white, beneath
brownish-black or black, with black dense rhizinæ ; lobes crenato-
sinuate or sinuato-divided, often white-sorediate and occasionally
eiliate a t th e margins C aC lI). Apothecia
moderate, p erforate in th e centre, badio-reddish or brownish-red, th e
margin e n tire ; sporos 0,011-18 mm. long, 0,007-11 mm. thiok.—
Sm. Eng. FJ. V. p. 204 qiro parte ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 32 ; Leight.
Lich. FL p. 134, ed. 3, p. 123.— Lichen perforatus, AA’ulf. in Jacq.
Coll. i. (1786) p. 116, t. 3; Eng. Bot. t. 2423 (mid. fig.). Parmelia
reticulata, Tayl. in Alack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 148. Parmelia perlata,
fl. ciliata, Aludd, Alan. p. 92 qiro qiarte. Lichenoides glaucum, fo li-
orum laciiiiis crinitis, Dill. AIusc. 149, t. 20. f. 42 A,— Brit. E xs.:
Cromb. n. 29 ; Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 250.
Closely allied to P. gxrlata, but with the aqipearance of P. ciliata,
which, as already intimated, has been frequently confounded with it by