numerous, though elsewhere it often occurs sterile {fide Fr. fil. Lich.
Scand. p. 174), in which condition it has probably' been overlooked in our
couutry'.
Hah. On shady rocks in upland situations.—Histr. Local and scarce in
N. England and N.W. Irelaud.—B. 51. : Newton, Cleveland, ITorkshire;
Levens Park, Westmoreland ; Chollerford, Northumberland. Near Longh
Corrib and Great Killery, co. Gahvay.
Form cyanopoHa Nyl. Not. Siillsk. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. Fiirh. n. s.
V. (1866) p. 128.—Thallus suhleprose or depresso-granulate and
rimoso-diffract, sordid greyish or sometimes oæsio-bluish. Apotheoia
leoanorine, somewhat concave, a t length biatorine, pale-yellowish-
orange.—Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 46.— Lecanora cerina f. cyano-
p o lia Leight. Lioh. F l. ed. 3, p. 2 1 1 .— B rit. Exs. ; Larb. Lioh. Hb.
n. 23.
Apparently referable to this subspecies, with which it agrees iu habitat,
but differs in colour and in the thaUine margin of the apothecia being at
length excluded. Our only specimen seen is well fertile.
Hab. On wet stones in upland districts.—Histr. Only sparingly in
N.W. Ireland.—B. M. : Between Lough Feagh and Lough JIuck, Connemara,
Galway.
Subsp. 2. L. hæmatites Nyl. Jle'm. Soo. Cherb. v. (1857) p. 112.—
Thallus subeffuse or determinate, contiguous, verruculose, greyish ;
hypothallus bluish. Apothecia submoderate, plane, rusty-red, the
th allin e margin fhiokish, persistent.— Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 46.
■—Lecanora hæmatites Charb. in St. Am. Fl. Agen. (1821) p. 492 ;
Leight. Lioh. F l. ed. 3, p. 212.—Brit. Exs. : Larb. Lioh. Hb. n. 56.
Often regarded as a distinct species, but scarcely with propriety, since
it differs from the type chiefly in the colour of the apothecia. The thallus
is somewhat small, often confused with aud at times limited by the hypothallus.
The apothecia, in the few specimens seeu, are numerous and
crowded.
Hab. On the smooth bark of young trees and their branches, chiefly
in orchards, in maritime and lowland districts.—Histr. Found only
sparingly in S.W., E., and W’. England; no doubt to be detected
elsewhere.—B. 51. : llsham, Torquay, S. Devon ; Cherry Hinton, Cambridgeshire
; near Worcester.
43. L. cerinella Nyl. Bull. Soo. Bot. t. xiii. (1866) p. 370 ; Flora,
1872, p. 427.—ThaUus th in , sordid-greyish, little visible (K +
yellowish). Apothecia minute, subbiatorine, bright-yellow (K +
p u rp lish ); spores 8 -1 2 -1 6 næ , ellipsoid, indistinctly bilocular, with
th in septum, 0,009—0,011 mm. long, 0,005—6 mm. thick.—Cromb.
Jo n rn . Bot. 1882, p. 273.
Looks as if it were a small variety of Z. cerina, but is distinct by the
minute apothecia and the pluri-spored thecæ. On the application of K,
the spores at once assume a placodine form, and are seen to be polari-
bilocular with longitudinal tube.
Hab. On branches of trees in lowland districts.—Disfr. Apparently
very local and scarce in E. England (near Oamhridge) ; no doubt to be
detected elsewhere.
44. L. biloculata Nyl. Flora, 1878, p. 248.—Thallus effuse, very
thin, unequal or rugulose, whitish or glaucous-white, somewhat
shining (K —CaCl —). Apothecia minute, adnate, lecideoid, plane
and th in ly margined, a t length convex and immarginate, black
(K —) ; spores eUipsoid, polari-bilooular, brownish, 0 ,0 1 5 -1 8 mm.
long, 0,008 mm. th ic k ; hypothecium brownish-black ; paraphyses
thiokish, dark-brown a t th e clavate apices, hymenial gelatine deep
blue with iodine.— Cromb. Grevillea, xviii. p. 4 6 .—Lecidea polo-
spora (nomen in ep tum ); Leight. Trans. Linn. Soo. n. s. Bot. i.
(1878) p. 241, t. xxxiii. figs. 4 -6 ; Lioh. Fl. ed. 3, p. 313.
A rather inconspicuous plant, with quite the aspect of a Lecidea allied
to Z. myriocarpa, as observed by Leighton ll. c. According to Nylander
apud Hue Rev. Bot. 1886, p. 29, it is in reality a Lecanora of this
section. I t evidently, however, departs from it in the colour of the
apothecia and the spores, as also in the absence of any epithecial
reaction with K. In the small specimen seen, it is only sparingly present
associated with Lecanora ruyosa and Lecidea parasema.
Hah. On an old hawthorn tree in a maritime tract.—Histr. Extremely
local and rare in N.W. Ireland.—B. 51,: Ballinahinch, near Kylemore,
CO. Galway.
45. L. p y ra c e a Nyl. Not. SaUsk. pro F . et Fl. Fenn. Forh. n.
ser. V . (1866) p. 129.—Thallus effuse, very thin, granulato-leprose,
greyish-white, often obsolete (K f+ re d d ish in th in se c tio n ); hypothallus
thin, whitish. Apothecia small or minute, somewhat plane
or convex, yellow-orange-coloured (K +crimso n ), with the thalline
margin speedily ex clu d ed ; or biatorine with the proper margin thin,
paler y e llow ; spores ellipsoid or oblongo-eUipsoid, polari-bilooular!
w ith longitudinal tube, 0 ,0 1 1 -1 6 mm. long, 0 ,0 0 5 -7 mm. thiok.—?
Cromb. GreviUea, xviii. p. 4 6 ; Lich. Brit. p. 47 pro pa rte ; Leight.
Lioh. Fl. p. 221 pro parte, ed. 3, p. 211 pro parie.— Parmelia
cerina pyracea Ach. Jle th . (1803) p. 176.—B rit. E x s .\ Leight.
n. 1 1 8 ; iiu d d , n. 1 0 1 ; Larb. Lieh. Hb. n. 132.
In some respects allied to Z. cerina, from which it differs chiefly in the
less developed thallus and the biatoroid apothecia. The thallus is usually
sparingly visible, and at times entirely wanting. The apothecia are
numerous, at first with thin, evanescent or obsolete thalline margin, so
th a t they are seldom seen lecanorine. I t is a rather variable plant, and
hence the British variety, forms, and subspecies th a t follow.
Hab. On rocks aud stones, rarely on trees and old pales from maritime
to subalpine tracts.—Histr. Here and there iu Eugland and Wales, the
Scottish Grampians and N.W. Ireland; no douht often overlooked.—B. M .:
Hastings and the South Downs, Sussex ; near Ryde, Isle of W ig h t; near
Bovey Tracey, S. Devon; St. Jlerryn, Cornwall; near Cirencester,
Gloucestershire; near Cambridge; Barmouth, Jlerionethshire; Ingle-
borough, Lanbraugh, and near Easby, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Staveley,
Kendal, Westmoreland; Chollerford, Northumberland. Eallachulish,