by Nylander I. c. it is more allied to L. Turneriana, from which it
probably descends. The thallus is effuse, with no distinct hypothallus,
and at times becomes evanescent (form ecrustacea Johns.). The apothecia
are numerous, at times somewhat crowded, aud at length angulose.
Hab. On granitic rocks in upland tracts.—Histr. Only very sparingly
in N. England.--B. M. ; Tyneside, Bywell, Northumberland; Scalegill,
Cumberland.
42. L. cerina Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 390.—Tliallus determinate,
th in , smoothish or granulato-unequal, greyish-white (K +
crimson), limited by a th in bluish-black hypothallus. Apothecia
leoanorine, moderate, somewhat plane, pale waxy-yellow (K + crimson),
th e thalline margin thin, entire, p e rs is te n t; sporos ellipsoid,
polari-bilooular, often with longitudinal tube, 0 ,0 1 2 -1 8 mm. long,
0 ,0 0 6 -0 mm. th io k ; paraphyses tawny-jmllow a t tho apices.—Tayl.
in Maok. .Fl. Hib. ii. p. 136 ; Sm. Eng. FL v. p. 190 ; Cromb. Lioh.
Brit. p. 47 ; Leight. Lich. F l. p. 220, ed. 3, p. 269. — Gallopmna
cerinum Mudd, Man. p. 136. l lim d m a cerina Gray, Nat. A rr. i.
p. 456. Lichen cerinus E h rh . Exs. (1785) n. 216 ; Dicks. Crypt,
faso. iii. p. 14 ; With. A rr. ed. 3, iv. p. 24 ; Eng. Bot. t. 627.—
B rit. E xs .: Leight. n. 8 3 ; Mudd, n. 9 7 ; Cromb. n. 6 0 ; Larb.
Lioh. Hb. n. 167.
A very variable plant as to tbe thallus and fructification, but readily
known from its allies by the colour of the hypothallus and the regularly
lecanorine apothecia. The thallus is often almost or entirely evanescent,
though even then it always margins the apothecia. These are usually
fairly numerous, sessile, occasionally of a paler colour, with the spores at
times more broadly ellipsoid. From it descend the forms and subspecies
that follow.
Hab. On the trunks of trees and on old pales in maritime, lowland, and
upland districts.—Histr. General and common in the Channel Islands
and England ; apparently rare in N. Wales, S.W. and Central Scotland,
and S. Ireland,—B. M. ; Kozel, Island of Je rsey ; Islands of Guernsey
and Sark. Coltishall, Norfolk ; near Colchester and Widdington, Essex ;
Maidstone, K e n t; Lewes, Sussex; near Shanklin, Isle of W ight; New
Forest,^ H a n ts ; Plymouth, S. Devon; Tregawn and Truro, Cornwall;
near Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; Cherry Hinton and near Qu}', Cambridgeshire
; Oswestry and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; Island of
Anglesea; Bilsdale, Yorkshire ; Derwent River, Durham; near Kendal,
Westmoreland; Wansbeck, Northumberland. Largs, Ayrshire; Blair
Drummond and Craig Tulloch, Perthshire. Near Cork ;' Killarney, co.
Kerry ; Adare, co. Limerick.
Form 1. cyanolepra Nyl. Lioh. Scand. (1861) p. 144.—ThaUus
th in , evanescent; hypothaUus chiefly present.—Leight. Lioh. Fl.
p. 220, ed. 3, p. 2 1 0.— Patellaria cyanolepra DC. Fl. F r. ii. (1805)
p. 560.
Well marked by the very distinct predominating hypothallus, upon
which the proper thallus is only very sparinglj' here and there visible.
The apothecia at times appear to arise from the hyiiothallus, hut have a
distinct greyish thalline margin.
d i s t o tX “X l bark of ash and poplars iu maritime and upland
X n X X « ll and among the Central
Giampians, Scotland.—B. M. : Shanklin, Isle of W ig h t; New Forest
Hants ; W ithiel, Oornwall. Craig Tulloch, Blair Athole, Perthshire. ’
Form 2. a lb ise d a Nyl. Lich. Scand. (1861) p. 144.—Thallus
very th in white. Apotheoia bright-yellow, the thalline margin
th in , white.— Cromb. Grevillea, xviii, 40.
A peculiar form, differing in the colours of the thallus, the apothecia,
and their thalline margin. ^ ^
^ Hab On old pales in upland districts.—Dfsfr. Only very sparino-ly
m S. England and S.W. Ireland.—B. M. : near Lewes, Sussex DunI
Kerron, co. Kerry.
Var. ft. s tillic id io rum Nyl. Mom. Soc. Cherb. t. v. (1857) p. 112 •
Lioh. Scand. p. 1 44.—Thallus effuse, very th in , granulose or
leprose greyish-white; hypothallus obsolete. Apotheoia small,
yellowish- or olive-green, or dark olive, pruinose, th e thalline
margin undulate, pale-greyish.—Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 47 ; Leight.
i f ' P’ P ^ — Gallopisma cerinum y . stillicidiorum
Mudd, Man. p, 136. R m o dm a stillicidiorum Gray, K a t.'A r r . i.
p. 456. Lichen stillicidiorum Hornem. Fl. Dan. (1792) t. 1063,
f. 2. Lecanora chloroleuca Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 48 ; Sm. En». FL
V. p . 190. Lichen chhroleueus Sm. Eug. Bot. t. 1373.— B rit E x s '■
Bohl. n. 94. • . .
Probably rather a subspecies (c/r. Norrl. Medd. SaUsk. pro E & Fl
len n . i. p 22), differing in the absence of a hypothallus, the colour of
the fructification, and in the habitat. The thallus spreads rather exten-
¿¿p^vCTulent ^ t h the thalhne margin rarely
and subalpine
P r F ' I'Lere it occurs in
S W Central, and N England, N. Wales, the S.W. Highlands and amon»
the Grampians, Scotland; not seen from Ireland.—B. M. : Dartmoor
Devonshire; near Buxton Derbyshire ; Dolgelly, Merionethshire ; Erie?
stone, Durham ; Cunswick Scar,W’estmorelaud; near Skelton, Cumberland
Achrosagan Hill, Appm, Argyleshire ; Craig Tulloch, Perthshire; Craig
Giuft and Morrone^ Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Lamy, Bull. Soo. Bot. t. xxv.
(1878) p._ 505.— ihaUus effuse, thickish, granuloso-verruoulose or
areolato-rimulose, verdigris- or dark-green ; hypothaUus no t distinct.
Apotheoia darker cerine.— Cromb. GreviUea, xviii. p 46 —
Lecanora cerina var. chiarina Leight. Lioh. Fl. p. 221, ed 3 p 210
Oallopisma cerinum ft. ohlorinum Mudd, Man. p. 136.’ Zeoia eerin'a
ya r cWoriua Flot. Lieh. Siles. (1849) p. 2 1 Q .-B r ii. E x s .: Larb.
Lich. Hb. n. 22.
Distinguished as a subspecies by the more developed thallus, its verv
w l® “ • r r ' L X X F “ ‘‘Potheeia. The hypothaUus is confused
with the thallus. In the few British specimens the apothecia are