— Psoroma ligpnorxim Hoffm. Deutsch. F l.ii. (1795) p. 166 ; Cromh.
Lich. Brit. p. 44 ; Loight. Lich. Fl. p. 163, ed. 3, p. 149 ; <jray, Isat.
Arr. i. p. 445. Pannaria liypnorum Mudd, Man. p. 124. Squa-
maria hypnonim Sm. Eng. F l. v. p. 194. Lichen liypnorum Dicks.
Crypt, faso. iii. p. 14 ; W ith . Arr. iv. p. 22 ; Eng. liot. t. 740.—
B rit. Exs. : Larb. Cæsar. ii. 70 ; Cromb. n. 58 pro p arte.
Internally somewhat resembling more developed states of Fannaria
brunnea, with which it is confounded in some of our older herbaria, but
is definitely separated hy the texture of the tliallus. The plant is_ more
or less effuse, with the squamules either somewhat discrete, or imbricately
crowded, or sometimes little developed—according to the habitat.
The hypothallus is very rarely visible, and only in corticolous specimens,
where it is thin, greyish or greyish-brown {vide Nyl. Pyr. Or
p. 125). The apothecia are generally numerous, becoming larger in old
plants.
Hab. Amon» mosses on the ground, rocks, and walls iu maritime and
upland districts.—Distr. Rather local in England, N. Wales, and tim
Channel Islands, more frequent in Scotlaud ; not recorded from Ireland.
—D. JI. ; Grosnez, Island of Jersey; Island of Guernsey, yarmoutli,
Suffolk ; Respring, Cornwall ; Tresco, Scilly Islands ; Hale’s End, near
JIalvern, Worcestersliire ; Aberdovey, Jlerionethsliire ; Eglestone, Durham
; The Cheviots, Northumberland. Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ;
Hills above Greenock, Renfrewshire ; Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Kilhn,
Craig Calliach, Ben Lawers, and Glen Fender, Perthshire ; Clova and near
Dundee, Forfai’shire ; Craig Cluny, Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Glen Nevis,
Inverness-shire.
Form deaurata Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F . et Fl. F. Forh. v. (1886)
p. 125.—Thallus bright-yellow or tawny-yellow. Apotheoia ra th e r
large, w ith concolorous th allin e margin.— Cromb. Grevillea, xviii.
p. 44’.— Psoroma hypnorum form deaurata Nyl. Lich. Scand. p. 121 ;
Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 44. Lecanora lepidora ft. deaurata Ach. Lich.
U n i v . (1810) p . 418.—H n i. Exs. : Cromb. n. 58 p ro parte.
Differs merely in the more vellowish thallus and the normally larger
apothecia. ' When the thallus is less developed it is more luxuriant at the
margins of the apothecia.
Hab. Among mosses on boulders and walls in maritime and upland
districts.—Dfsir. Seen only from N. Wales and the Highlands of Scotland.—
B. JI. : Cwm Bychan, Jlerionethshire. Appm, Argyleshire ; Glen
Lochav, Killin, Perthshire ; Corriemulzie, Braemar, Aberdeenshire.
Subgenus 2. SQHAMARIA Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F. et F l. F.
Forh. V . (1 8 6 6 ) p. 125.—Thallus radiately laciniate or cartila-
gineo-squamose. Apothecia leoanorine ; spores Snto, ellipsoid,
simple, colourless ; hymenial gelatine bluish with iodine. Spermogones
w ith simple sterigmata and long, arcuate, spermatia.—
SquamariaDC. Fl. F r. ii. (1805) p. 374 ; Nyl. Mém. Soo. Cherb. iii.
p. 1 / / .
Characterized by the type of the thallus, which is comparable witli
th at of Parmeliopsis, and by the structure of the spermogones, which are
immersed, their ostioles being concolorous with the thallus.
Fig. 59.
Lecanora (Squamaria) crassa Ach.—a. A theca and paraphysis, x350.
b. Two spores, X 500. c. Sterigmata and spermatia, x 500.
2. L. crassa Ach. Lioh. Univ. (1810) p. 413.—Thallus indeterminate
or suborbicular, subcartilaginous, loosely adpressed, thick,
squamoso-imbricate, pale-livid or pale-yellowish ; squamules somewha
t depressed, roundly lobato-crenate (K —). Apotheoia moderate,
sessile, plane or somewhat convex, reddish-brown, the thalline
margin entire, a t length excluded ; spores ellipsoid or oblongo-ellipsoid,
0,011-14 mm. long, 0,006-6 mm. thiok.— Cromh. Grovillea,
xviii. p. 44 ; Hook. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 51.—Squamaria crassa Sm. Eng
F l. v. p. 193 ; Mudd, Man. p. 127 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 44
Leight. Lich. El. p. 171, ed. 3, p. 157. Psoroma crassum Gray, Nat
A rr. i. p. 444. Lichen crassus Huds. El. Angl. ed. 2 (1778), p. 530
Eng. Bot. t. 1893. Liehen cartilagineus Lightf. Fl. Soot. ii. p. 815
W ith . Arr. iv. p. 29. Lichenoides cartilagineum, scutellis fu lv is
p la n is Dill. Muse. 179, t. 24. f. 74.—B rit. Exs. : Leight. n. 5 ; Larb.
Cæsar. n. 73 ; Lioh. Hb. n. 333 ; Cromb. n. 157 ; Bohl. n. 2 ;
Dicks. Ho rt. Sio. n. 24.
The largest British species of the subgenus, with the thallus usuaUy
very much expanded, rarely smaller and somewhat orbicular, often here
and there whitish. JVith us it is much less variable than it is in warmer
regions, presenting only the following form. I t is usually well fertile, the
apothecia becoming rather large in age.
Hah. On the ground and on rocks, chiefiy calcareous, in maritime and
upland districts.—Disfr. General aud comnron in England and Wales;
rarer in Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel Islands.—B. JI. : Quenvais,
Island of Jersey ; Islands of Herm and Guernsey. Hurstpierpoint,
Sussex ; Beiw Head, S. Devon ; St. Jlerryn, Cornwall ; Cleeve Hill and
Cheddar Clitis, Somersetshire ; St. Vincent’s Rocks, Bristol, Gloucestershire
; Pont Eynon, Glamorganshire ; near Tenby, Pembrokeshire ; Aberdovey,
Jlerionethslrire ; Snowdon and Great Orme’s Head, C'arnarvon-
• '