& D. amygdalinus, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 23. D. amygdalinus; Dar-
lingt.! fl. Cest. p. 473. Doellingeria umbellata, Nees, Ast. p. 178. Diplostephium
umbellatum, DC. l.c . Aster umbellatus, “ Mill. diet. ed. 7. no.
2” ; A it.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3 .p. 199; Willd. spec. 3 .p. 2030; “ Hoffm.phytogr.
U. p. 74, t. B. f . 2.” (ex Nees.); Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 310. A. amyg-
daiinus, Michx.! fl. 2. p. 109; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 549; Ell. 1. c. (partly);
Tom. ! compend. p. 300 ; Lindl. lot. reg. t. 1517.
/?. low and small; corymb simple.—Diplostephium amygdalinum, (8. hu-
milius, D C .! 1. c.
Moist thickets, &c. Canada! and Nova Scotia! and common throughout
the Northern and North Western States! to the mountains of South Carolina.
p. Newfoundland, Pylaie! Mr. Morrison ! 8fc. Aug,-Sept.—Stem 2-5
feet high, simple below, above with rather strict corymbose branches.
Leaves 3 to 4 or 5 inches long, either narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous, pale beneath. Scales of the involucre (not longer than the
ripe achenia) slightly pubescent and ciliate. Achenia obovoid oblong, somewhat
compressed, 3—5-nerved or ribbed. Pappus pale or tawny.
7. D. obovatus: clothed with a minute short pubescence: stem terete,
corymbose at the summit; leaves closely sessile, oval, elliptical, or occasionally
somewhat obovate, mostly obtuse at each end, conspicuously reticulated,
tomentose-pubescent beneath; heads rather numerous; scales of
the involucre, linear, acute, pubescent and viscid, imbricated in about 3
series; achenia pubescent-villous.—Chrysopsis obovata, Nutt.! gen. 2. p.
152. Solidago Noveboracensis, Muhl.! herb. Aster obovatus, Ell. sk. 2.
p . 368. Diplostephium boreale, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 544. D. obovatum,
DC. prodr. 5. p. 273. Dcellingeria obovata, Nees, Ast. p. 182.
p. corymb dichotomous-paniculate; peduncles elongated, naked; heads
fewer.—Aster dichotomus, Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 366. Diplostephium dichotomum,
DC. l.c.
Damp shady soil, S. Carolina and Georgia, Le Conte ! Nuttall! Elliott!
to Florida, Dr. Chapman! Dr. Leavenworth ! June-Oct.—Stem 2-3 feet
high, often numerous from the same root. Leaves numerous, 2-3 inches
long, an inch or more wide, somewhat membranaceous, often a little narrowed
towards the base, slightly puberulent-scabrous above; the veins diverging
at right angles from the midrib, and conspicuously reticulated beneath.
Heads as large as in D. cornifolius, either loosely corymbose, or somewhat
paniculate, usually on slender tomentose-pubescent peduncles. Involucre
shorter than the disk, at length scarcely exceeding the slender achenia.
Rays 10-13, white (sometimes tinged with purple), nearly thrice the length
of the involucre. Achenia oblong, about 5-angled or nerved, scarcely compressed.
Pappus white, or at length tawny ; the exterior not very copious; jj
the interior very obscurely, if at all, thickened towards the summit__The
plant is sometimes considerably branched; and, according to Elliott, the leaves
are rarely toothed. We have met with no specimen in Elliott’s herbarium
under the name of Aster obovatus; but his A. dichotomus is a mere state of
this species.
t Doubtful Species.
8. D. leucophyllus (Lindl.): shrubby? woolly throughout; branches short,
bearing single heads; leaves thick, oval, acute, crenate, narrowed into a
petiole ; scales of the squamose involucre linear, membranaceous, the upper
ones naked; achenia tomentose, fusiform ; exterior pappus short; the inner
very unequal, subulate. Lindl. in DC. prodr. 5. p. 278.
California.—Probably collected by Douglas, but this is not mentioned.
We have ventured to adduce this species as a synonym of Corethrogyne fila-
ginifolia; with which, however, the character does not altogether accord.
29. TOWNSENDIA. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p . 16, t. 119.
Heads subglobose, many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous in a single
series, pistillate, but sometimes infertile ; those of the disk tubular, perfect.
Scales of the involucre numerous and closely imbricated, appressed, lanceolate,
with scarious margins. Receptacle flat, naked, areolate-fimbrillate.
Rays linear, often erect; the corolla of the disk infundibuliform, 5-toothed.
Branches of the style lanceolate, rather acute,, hairy towards the summit.
Achenia of the disk flat, obovate-oblong, pubescent or hairy, the margins 1-
nerved; those of the ray 3-nerved. Pappus of the disk-flowers composed of
numerous rather rigid and uniform barbellate-scabrous bristles, as long as the
corolla (slightly cohering at the base ? persistent); that of the ray of fewer
short subulate bristles or squamellse, sometimes with one or two slender bristles
intermixed.—Dwarf acaulescent or subcaulescent herbs (natives of the
Rocky Mountains and the banks of the rivers which rise on their eastern
slope); with a branching caudex or a perpendicular root, and crowded linear
or spatulate entire leaves. Heads large for the size of the plant, sessile or
nearly so at the summit of the caudex, or of the proliferous branches. Rays
rose-color or nearly white.
§ 1. Boot perennial; the caudex somewhat ligneous: rays fertile; the short
pappus syuamellate-subulate, and mostly with one or two capillary bristles
resembling those of the disk.—T ownsendia proper.
1. T. sericea (Hook.! l.c .) : stemless; leaves spatulate-linear, silky-ea-
nescent, erect,' surrounding and partly concealing the sessile heads; scales of
the involucre subulate-lanceolate; rays long and narrow, with the margins
involute ; receptacle areolate; achenia hairy; pappus of the ray composed
of several unequal subulate bristles much shorter than theachenium, and one
or two long ones nearly resembling those of the disk-flowers.—Aster ? exsca-
pus, Richards.! appx. Frank.journ. ed. 2. p. 32.
p. heads and flowers smaller; leaves narrower.—T. sericea, Nutt. ! m
trans. Amer. phiU soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 304.
Carlton House on the Saskatchewan, Richardson| to the Rocky Mountains
in about lat. 54°, Drummond! p. Black hills towards the sources of
the Platte in lat. • 41°, Nuttall! April-May.—Root perpendicular, elongated
; the caudex simple or divided, thick, very short; the whole plant not
rising more than 2 inches.,in height. Leaves obscurely 1-nerved, 12-15
lines long, mostly overtopping the sessile heads, which are ordinarily about
8 lines in length. Scale's of the involucre pubescent, green in the centre (or
purplish towards the tip); the margins scarious and lacerate-ciliate. Rays
not spreading. Pappus of ihe disk white, longer than the corolla; the bristles
somewhat unequal, in. about 2 rows; the exterior thickened towards the
base, the interior more slender. Hairs of the achenium minutely capitate.—
The flower-bud, according to Dr. Richardson, is formed in the autumn and
expands the following spring.
2. T. incana (Nutt.): caudex, or rather stems, branching; leaves silky-
canescent, oblong-spatulate, tapering into a petiole, crowded, surrounding the
(small) sessile heads ; scales of the involucre oval-oblong, rather acute; rays
linear, flat; receptacle somewhat alveolate-fimbrillate; achenia minutely
vol. ii.—24