clustered ; or rarely (by the reduction of the leaves) verticillate in a terminal
raceme.
1* T.perfoliatum (Linn.): stem hirsute with rather soft viscous hairs;
leaves ovate or oval, acuminate, abruptly narrowed at the base, velvety-pubescent
beneath, somewhat hairy above; flowers (dull brownish-purple) sessile
and mostly clustered in the axils.—Linn. spec. 1. p. 176; Pursh, fi. 1. p.
162 ; Bigel. med. hot. l .p . 90, t. 19 ; Bart. veg. mat. med. t. 4 ; Ell. si.
269; D C .! 1. c. Torr. ! fi, 1. p. 245 ; Sweet, Brit. Jl. gard. (ser. 2) t. 45 ;
Darlingt.fi.. Cest.p. 159. T. majus, Michx. ! fi. 1. p. 107. Triosteosper-
mum, Dill. Elth. t. 293, ƒ. 378.
Shady rocky places, in rich soil, throughout the Northern, Middle, and
Western StatesJ and along the mountains of the Southern States. May-
July.—Root thick and fleshy. Stem 2-4 feet high, stout, simple. Leaves
4-7 inches long, 2-4 wide, sometimes narrowed into a winged petiole, but
always connate at the base, often nearly glabrous above. Bracts linear.
Corolla 8-10 lines long (about the length of the calyx-segments), viscidly pubescent
; the lobes rounded. Filaments hairy. Style slender: Fruit half an
inch long, pubescent, orange-color (not purple when mature, as described by
Pursh, Barton, <fe DC.), crowned with the foliaceous spreading, limb of the
calyx: nucules marked with 3 strong ribs and 4 grooves on the bgck, and
with 2 grooves and a central projection on the face.—The leaves are sometimes
more or less sinuate, which is noticed by De Candolle : we have seen
Pennsylvanian specimens of this form in the herbarium of the late Mr.
Schweinitz. The root is reputed to be emetic and cathartic, and the plant
is well-known in the popular materia medica, under the name of Horse-Gentian,
Fever-wort, or Wild Coffee.
2. T. angusiifolium (Linn.) : stem hispid ; leaves lanceolate or oblong,
acuminate, tapering to the base, pubescent or almost glabrous beneath, hirsute
above; the flowers (ochroleucous) mostly solitary in the axils, sessile or
somewhat pedunculate.—L in n .! spec. 1. p. 176 (pi. Gronov.!); Vahl.
symb. 3. p. 37; Pursh, l. c. ; Ell. 1. c .; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 330. T. minus,
Michx. ! 1. c. Periclymenum herbaceum, &c. Pluk. aim. p. 287, t. 104, fi 2. ' Shady places, Virginia! and North Carolina! to Louisiana! Arkansas!
and Missouri! May—June.—A smaller species than the preceding, with the
lobes of the ochroleucous corolla deeper in proportion, the tube less gibbous
at the base, &e. It probably has the same properties as T. perfoliatum, and
bears the same popular names. Plukenet received it under the name of
Dr. Tinker's-weed.
T ribe II. SAMBUCEiE. Kunth.
Corolla regular, rotate, or rarely somewhat tubular. Stigmas 3—5,
nearly sessile. Endocarp of the fruit crustaceous or coriaceous.
Testa of the seed membranaceous ; the raphe occupying the inner
side.
6. SAMBUCUS. Tourn.; Finn. ; Gcerln.fr. t. 27 ; Lam. ill. t. 211.
Limb of the calyx small, 5-cleft, at length obsolete." Corolla rotate or ur-
ceolate, 5-cleft; the lobes obtuse. Stamens 5. Fruit baccate, pulpy, sub-
globose : nucules 3 (rarely 5), crustaceous, oblong, rugulose, obtusely angled
on the back, nearly plane on the face, each containing a suspended seed.—
Shrubs or perennial herbs, with a heavy odor. Leaves pinnate or 1-2-pinnately
divided ; the leaflets or divisions serrate or incised, often pseudo-sti-
pellate, or with 2 glands atthe base of each pair. Cymes compound, thyr-
soid or fastigiate. Flowers white, or sometimes reddish.—Elder.
Gsertner, and most subsequent botanists, except Kunth, have described the fruit
of this genus as a proper berry; the nucules being taken for seeds.
1. S. pubens (Michx.): stem shrubby; leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate;
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the lower surface and the petioles pubescent;
thyrsus ovoid or pyramidal, rather loose.—Michx.! fi. 1. p. 181;
Torr.! fi. l .p . 321; D C .! prodr. 4. p. 323; Berngard! veg. Sitcha, in
mem. acad. St. Petersb. (ser.' 6) 2. p. 144. S. pubescens, Pers. syn. l .p .
328; Pursh, fi. 1. p. 204 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 368. S. racemosa, Hook.! fi.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 279.
(3. leucocarpa: berries white.
y. arborescens: large; leaflets 7—9, the serratures longer and narrower;
anthers large.—S. arborescens, Nutt. ! mss. S. racemosa '(3. Hook. ! 1. c.
Rocky woods &c. Canada! from the Saskatchawan, and Northern
States! to the mountains of Carolina! West to the Rocky Mountains, Oregon
! and Sitcha, ^chiefly var. y.) /?. Cattskill Mountains, Mr. J. Hogg !
May ; the fruit mature in June and July.—Stem 2-10 feet high, sometimes
attaining the diameter of 3 or ,4 inches at the base; the branches often warty.
Leaves very pubescent when young, seldom stipellate. Thyrsus about 3
inches long. Berries scarlet.—Hooker, perhaps with good reason, unites this
species with the S. racemosa of Europe, &c. We have occasionally found
this plant arborescent, and at least 18 feet high.
2: S. Canadensis (Linn.) : stem suffrutescent; leaves pinnately 7-11-fo-
liolate.; leaflets oblong or oval, acuminate, glabrous, somewhat pubescent on
the midrib ; the lower ones.often 3-parted; cymes spreading, loose, 5-parted.
—Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 269; Michx.! fi. 1. p. 281 ; Pursh, fi. l .p . 203 ; Ell.
sk. 1. p. 368 ; Torr.! fi. 1. p. 321: DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 322 ; Hook.fi. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 279 ; Darlingt. fi. Cest. p. 205. S. nigra, Marsh, arbust. p.
141. S. huniiiis, Rof. ann. nat.p. 13.
Thickets and along fences, in rich soil, throughout the United States ! and
Canada! June-July.—Stem-5-10 feet high, stout, filled with pith. Leaflets
not unfrequently furnished with foliaceous stipellate appendages. Cymes
flat, 5-8 inches in diameter; the flowers pure white. Berries small, dark
purple, or nearly black when mature ; the juice deep crimson__Near S. nigra
of Europe.— Common Elder.
. 3. S- glauca (Nutt.! mss.): “ somewhat arborescent, glabrous; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrulate, undi-
vided; cyme large and spreading; fruit (black) very glaucous.
“ Plains of the Oregon, near the Blue Mountains: common.—Berries resembling
in taste those of S. Canadensis, to which this species is allied. Nut-
tall— We can scarcely distinguish this species from S. Canadensis.
7. VIBURNUM. L in n .; Gcertn. fir. t. 27 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 323.
Limb of the calyx 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, sometimes somewhat tubular
or campanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 1-3-celled ; one of the cells
containing a single suspended ovule, the others abortive: stigmas 3, sessile.
Fruit drupaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with a thin pulp; the endocarp (seed of
most authors) crustaceous, mostly compressed. Seed conformed to the cavity
of the endocarp; the testa membranaceous. Embryo minute at the ex