402 COMPOSITIE. ClRSIUM.
margins. Flowers pale rose-color. Nutt.—Not improbably our C. undula*
turn, v&r. /3.
172. CARDUUS. Toum.; Linn. (excl. spec.); Geerln.fr. 1.162; JDC. 1. e.
Bristles of the pappus scabrous (not plumose): otherwise as in Cirsium.
§ Bristles o f the pappus feu) and slender—L e p t o c h j e t a , Nutt.
1 . C. occidentalis (Nutt.): perennial, dwarf; leaves deeply pinnatifid, nearly
smooth above, canescently tomentose beneath; the segments somewhat palmate
; the ultimate lobes lanceolate, tipped with short spines, spinulose-serru-
late; scales of the subglobose arachnoid-tomentose involucre lanceolate, erect,
terminating in straight spines; the innermost scarious, spineless, acuminate.
Natl, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 418.
St. Barbara, California, Nuttall.—Stem tomentose, 6-12 inches high.
Leaves 4-5 inches long, about an inch wide, with a lanceolate outline; the
cauline clasping. Heads 2-3, subsessile, pale purple. Plant with the habit
of Cirsium discolor, Nutt.—We have not seen this plant, the only one of the
genus known to inhabit this pontinent. May it not be some species of Southern
Europe, introduced into California?
C. pectinatiis (Linn, mant.), a plant of uncertain origin, said to have been raised
from seeds received from Pennsylvania, is doubtless not a native of this country, and
is probably correctly referred by Sprengel to Carduus defloratus.
173. ONOPORDON. Vaill.; Linn.; Gtertn.fr. 1.161; Schkvhr, handl. t. 230.
Heads many-flowered ; the flowers perfect. Scales of the ovate-globose
involucre imbricated, coriaceous, tipped with a lanceolate spinescent appendage.
Receptacle fleshy, deeply alveolate; the alveoli membranaceous,
sinuate-toothed. Tube of the corolla incrassated atthe summit. Antherswilh
a linear-subulate appendage, and with short tails: filaments nearly glabrous.
Branches of the style concreted nearly to the apex. Achenia obovoid-com-
pressed, 4-angled, rugose transversely. Bristles of the pappus numerous,
filiform, barbellulate, united at the base into a corneous ring.—Coarse branching
herbs; the stems winged by the decurrent base of the lobed or toothed
leaves; the lobes and teeth spinescent. Corolla purple, rarely varying to
white.
1 . O. acanthium (Linn.): stem erect, branching, somewhat woolly ; leaves
decurrent, sinuate, spinose-tooihed, tomentose on both sides; scales of the
involucre linear-subulate ; the exterior spreading, woolly at the base. DC.
—Engl. hot. t. 977 ; Bigel.fi. Bost. ed. 2. p. 293 ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 618.
Waste grounds and dry pastures; introduced from Europe, and naturalized
in the New England States! July-Aug.— (§) A tall cottony plant,
called Cotton Thistle.
174. LAPPA. Toum. inst. t. 156; Juss.; Lam. ill. t. 665 ; DC.
Heads many-flowered; the flowers all perfect and similar. Involucre
globose; the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at the base, then
L a ppa . OOMPOSIT7E.
subulate and spreading, with the rigid apex uncinate. Receptacle flat, somewhat
fleshy, setose-fiinbrillate. Corolla regularly 5-cleft, 10-nervcd. Anthers
tipped with filiform appendages, caudate at the base: filaments papillose.
Branches of the style free and divergent at the apex. Achenia oblong,
compressed, glabrous, rugose transversely. Pappus of numerous short
filiform scabrous bristles, not united into a ring, caducous.—Biennial branching
coarse (European) herbs; with large cordate and petioled leaves with
slightly undulate margins, the lower surface more or less tomentose. Heads
small, solitary or somewhat corymbose. Corolla purple varying to white,
equalling the involucre.—Burdock.
1. L. major (Gaertn.): scales of the involucre all subulate and with uncinate
tips, either glabrous or loosely arachnoid ; upper cauline leaves ovate ;
the others (large) cordate.—Gtertn. fr . 2. p. 379, t. 162. L. major &
L. minor, DC. prodr. 6. p. 661. Arctium Lappa, Linn.; Darlingt. fi.
Cest. p. 436.
Fence-rows and waste-places in rich soil: introduced from Europe.—A
troublesome weed, well known under the name of Burdock. Dr. Darlington
and Mr. Tuckerman have observed an occasional form, (L. Bardana ?)
with pinnatifid leaves.
S u b o h d e r II. LABIATIFLOR^E. DC.
Corolla of the perfect flowers bilabiate ; the outer lip mostly 3-lobed
or 3-toothed, and the inner 2-cleft or 2-toothed. Pollen smooth, glo-
bose or elliptical.
T ribe VI. MUTISIACEiE. Less.
Heads heterogamous, or rarely dioecious ; the marginal flowers pistillate
or neutral, either ligulate or bilabiate.—Style nearly as in the
Cynarese.
175. CHAPTALIA. Vent.hort. Cels. t. 61 ; DC. in ann. mus. 16. p. 66.
Heads many-flowered, heterogamous, radiate; the rays pistillate and fertile,
in 2 Series; the disk-flowers perfect, but sterile by the abortion of the
ovary. Corolla of the outer series of ray-flowers simply ligulate, or rarely
with a minute inner lip; of the inner series filiform and much shorter than
the style, obliquely truncate, the inner lip rudimentary ; of the disk-flowers
bilabiate, the lips equal in length, the outer 3-toothed, the inner 2-parted.
Scales of the campanulate involucre imbricated in few series, linear, acute,
1-nerved. Receptacle naked. Anthers caudate. Achenia of the fertile
flowers oblong, glabrous, striate, attenuate at each end, somewhat beaked,
and with the apex slightly dilated; of the disk-flowers abortive. Pappus
copious, capillary, minutely scabrous.—Perennial acaujpscent (American)