disk pubescent, oblong-linear, compressed; the awns in the latter 2, sometimes
1 or 3, rather shorter than the corolla ; in the former 3, often unequal,
shorter than those of the disk. Mature achenia unknown.—Apparently
allied to L. strigosa, D C . r r J
109. YERBESINA. L in n , (partly); L e s s . s yn . p . 231; D C . p r o d r .
Species of Verbesina & Siegesbeckia, Linn.
Heads several-many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, usually few,
rarely wanting. Scales of the involucre erect, imbricated in two or more
often unequal series. Receptacle flat or rather convex ; the chaff concave
or embracing the flowers. Corolla of the disk with a short tube, and a cylin-
draeeous 5-toothed limb. Branches of the style with an acute appendage.
Achenia nearly flat (compressed laterally) winged or wingless, 2-awned.—
Perennial or suffrutescent (American) plants; the serrate or lobed leaves
often decurrent on the stem. Heads solitary or corymbose. Flowers white
or yellow. Anthers blackish.
§ H e a d s ra d ia te ; the r a y s in a s in g le s e r ie s : achenia u su a lly w ith 2 sim ila
r a n d equal aw n s.—V erbesinaria, DC.
* Leaves opposite: flowers of the disk and ray yellow.
■C ^ S ieg e sb e ck ia (Michx.): stem 4-winged ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
sharply serrate, acuminate at both ends, triplinerved ; heads in tri-
chotomous somewhat cymose corymbs ; scales of the involucre few (8- 10)
and obtuse, in 2 series; rays 1-5, lanceolate; achenia obovate-oblong, wing-
mss, hairy, 2-awned; those of the ray rarely 1-awned or awnless.—M ich x . '
' w. W i l ld . spec. 3. p . 2224; P u rsh , ft. 2. p . 565 ; E l l . sk . 2. p .
.4.1 2 ' V. P h cEth u sa & Siegesbeckia, D C . p r o d r . 5. p . 616 ? V. occidentals
, W a lt. Car. p . 213. V. folds ovatis petioiatis, &e., G ron o v.! J l. V irg .
e d . 1 . p . 179. Siegesbeckia occidentalis, L in n . ! spec. 2. p . 901, &• ed . 2.
p . 1269. Chrysanthemum Americanum caule alato, &c., P lu k . m ant. t.
342. Phaethusa Americana, G c e r tn .f r . 2. p . 425, t. 169, f . 3 ? P. bore-
alis, S p r e n g . s y s t. 3. p . 591? Coreopsis alata, P u r sh , 11.'2. p. 567; and
therefore Actinomeris alata, N u tt. g en . 2. p . 181.
Dry woods and road-sides, very common in the Southern and Western States!
Aug.-kept. Stem 4-6 feet high. Leaves large, membranaceous, often pu-
bescent, especially beneath, abruptly tapering into a margined petiole. Rays
8-10 lines long ; those of the disk about 20 in number: the tube of the corolla
in both pubescent. Chaff lanceolate, acute, nearly as long as the disk.
Awns of the achenia slender, often divergent or recurved when old._The
plant we have described is certainly the Siegesbeckia occidentalis of Lin-
nseus and Gronovius, and is the only North American species with opposite
leaves that we have seen: the leaves appear to be always triplinerved; but
uPPermos^ °^ten indistinctly so. We are doubtful whether it be the
Pnsethusa of Gartner, which seems- however to differ only in wanting the
awns: these are sometimes absent in the ray of our plant, and the short
bristly flairs of the achenium, some of which crown the summit, accord very
well with Gsertner.s and De Candolle’s description, although they have
nothing to do with the pappus. The plant, according to De Candolle, is
somewhat dioecious in cultivation.
* * Leaves alternate: flowers of the disk and ray white.
2. V. V irg in ic a (Linn.): stem narrowly or interruptedly winged, tomen-
tose-pubescent at the summit; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, serrate
(often obscurely), feather-veined, scabrous above, pubescent or tomentose beneath,
acute or acuminate at each end, the lower ones decurrent; heads in
compound cymose corymbs, crowded; rays 3-4, oval; achenia minutely
hairy, narrowly and often unequally winged, crowned with 2 scabrous seti-
form awns.—L in n . ! spec. 2. p . 901 { p i . G ro n o v .!); W a l t .! Car. p . 213 ;
M ich x . ! j l . 2. p . 134; P u rsh , l. c. ;t E l l . sk . 2. p . 410 ; D C . ! 1. c. V.
paniculata, P o i r . d ie t. 8. p . 456.
0. stem and lower surface of the leaves more tomentose; achenia sometimes
wingless.—V. villosa, N u t t . ! in trans. A m e r. p h il. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p .
370.
Woods and dry soil, Pennsylvania {M ichaux ) and Yirginia ! to Florida 1
and Louisiana ! 0. Kentucky ! to Arkansas ! and Louisiana ! Aug.-Sept.
—Stem 3-6 feet high. Involucre very pubescent. Rays very short: the
tube hairy, as also the (about 15) disk-flowers.—The wings of the achenia
are variable, even in the same individual, as in Actinomeris; and are sometimes
nearly absent in the smoothish as well as the most tomentose forms.
3. V. sin u a ta (E ll.): stem striate, pubescent, naked, or sometimes winged
near the base; leaves irregularly sinuate-lobed or laciniate-pinnatifid, scabrous
above, tomentose-pubescent beneath, the lower ones tapering into a
long and narrow base or winged petiole; the lobes denticulate or serrate ;
heads in a compound corymb ; rays 3-5, oval; achenia minutely hairy, 2-
awned, narrowly winged.—E l l . ! sk . 2. p . 411; D C . p r o d r . 5. p . 615. V.
laciniata, N u t t . ! g en . 2. p . 170. Siegesbeckia laciniata, P o ir . d ie t. 7. p .
158?
Sandy soil, from the sea-coast of S. Carolina ! to Florida, D r . B u rrow s !
D r . Lea venworth ! Sept.-Nov.—Stem 4-6 feet high. Leaves mostly acute
or acuminate, variously sinuate-pinnatifid; the uppermost and lowest frequently
spatulate-ovate and undivided, according to Elliott. Heads, flowers
&c., nearly as in V. Virginica; of which perhaps it is only a variety.
V. laciniata (Walt.), is said to have 3-9 yellow 2-3-toothed sterile rays, 3-aWtled
achenia, and sinuate-laciniate leaves.
110. XIMENESIA. Cav. ic. 2. p . 60, t. 178; D C . p r o d r . 5. p . 627.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, in a single series. Scales
of the involucre somewhat in 2 series, narrow, acute, foliaceous, spreading.
Receptacle convex; the chaff lanceolate, membranaceous, embracing the
flowers. Tube of the corolla hispid. Branches of the style in the disk-
flowers appendiculate. Achenia of the disk flat (compressed laterally),
winged, somewhat hairy, deeply emarginate at the summit, with 2 setiform
awns more or less united with the wing; those of the ray mostly dissimilar
and wingless.—Annual (chiefly Mexican) somewhat canescent herbs.
Leaves opposite or alternate, mostly tapering into a winged petiole, which is
dilated and auriculate at the base, cordate-ovate or oblong, serrate-toothed.
Heads solitary, or loosely and irregularly corymbose. Flowers yellow.
1 . X . encelioides (Gav. 1. c .) : achenia of the disk slightly villous, surrounded
with the wing, emarginate at the summit; of the deeply 3-toothed