5. H. debilis (Nutt.) : somewhat scabrous ; stem slender, decumbent,
branching; leaves alternate (rarely opposite), deltoid-ovate, mucronate-acute
or acuminate, repand-serrulate, on slender petioles ; heads (very small for
this division) solitary, on slender terminal peduncles ; scales of the involucre
narrowly lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, achenia pubescent ; pappus of 2
minutely pubescent small chafly awns.—Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
(n. ser.) 7. p . 367.
fl. stem mostly simple, ascending; lower leaves frequently opposite.
Coast of East Florida, Baldwin! fl. Sand hills of Western Louisiana
and Texas, Dr. Leavenworth !—The root of the Florida plant is unknown;
but that of /?., which scarcely differs except in the simple stem (1-2 feet
long), and a little more attenuate leaves (1J inch in length), is annual. Involucre
about half an inch in diameter. Chaff of the receptacle 3-lobed; the
middle lobe cuspidate-acuminate. Rays 10-14.
* *■ Perennial: heads small: rays 12-24: receptacle convex: scales o f the involucre
irregularly imbricated, narrow, at length squarrose, as long as the dark purple disk :
leaves opposite, alternate, or scattered, linear, 1-nerved.—Angustifolii,
6. H . angustifolius (Linn.) : stem scabrous or hairy ; leaves linear, elongated,
sessile, entire, with revolute margins, 1-nerved, scabrous above, pale
or whitish, and often pubescent or hirsute beneath ; the lower opposite, the
upper alternate ; heads on slender peduncles, somewhat corymbose ; scales
of the involucre narrowly lanceolate, acute, squ arrosé in fruit; chaff of the
receptacle cuneiform-oblong, 3-toothed; achenia glabrous ; pappus of 2 small
chaffy awns.—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 9Q6 ; Walt. Car. p. 216 ; Michx.! Jl. 2.
p . 141 (chiefly) ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 572 ; E ll.! sk. 2. p. 416; Bot. mag. t.
2051; Bart. jl. Amer. Sept. t. 105 ; DC.! prodr. 5. p . 587. H. foliis
linearibus, & Coreopsis foliis linearibus, &e. Gronov. ! jl. Virg. “ Coreopsis,
Mill. ic. t. 224, ƒ. 2.” C. angustifolia, Linn. spec. ed. 1. Rudbeckia an-
gustifolia, Linn.! spec. {ed. 2) 2. p. 1281. Leighia bicolor, Cass.
Damp pine barrens &c. New Jersey! to Florida ! Alabama ! Kentucky!
Louisiana! and Texas ! common. Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-6 feet high, slender,
simple or branched. Leaves 2-6 inches long, 2-4 lines, or the lower half an
inch wide, with a prominent midrib. Involucre somewhat scabrous or hairy.
Rays 12-20, nearly an inch long. Lobes of the disk-corolla brownish purple.
Pappus shorter than the achenia.
7. H. orgyalis (DC.) : stem tall, very smooth ; leaves alternate, sessile,
linear [very narrow], flat, scarcely denticulate, 1-nerved, slightly if at all
scabrous; heads 5-7, corymbose, on long peduncles ; scales of the involucre
linear, acuminate, ciliolate ; chaff of the receptacle linear-subcuneiform, entire,
somewhat ciliate at the apex ; achenia glabrous, 2-3-4-awned. DC. !
not. 7. pi. rar. Genev. p. 12, 8p prodr. 5. p. 587, éxcl. syn.
Arkansas, Mr. Pourtales : cultivated in the Geneva Botanic Garden !—
Stem 6-10 feet high. Leaves very numerous and narrow, 3-6 inches long,
1-2 lines wide; the lower remotely denticulate. Heads rather large. Scales
of the involucre lax, very slender, attenuate-subulate, longer than the disk.
Rays about 15, an inch or more in length. Pappus of chaffy scales rather
than awns, usually 2 large and 2 smaller ones, but the latter are sometimes
wanting or confluent with the larger.—This is not the H. angustifolius of
Linnæus. The H . giganteus [3. crinitus, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 127„ perhaps belongs
to this species, in which case its geographical range extends to the
Missouri: but we find no specimen of Mr. Nuttall’s plant in the herbarium
of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
* * * Perennial: rays rarely none: receptacle convex: scales o f the hemispherical involucre
regularly imbricated, oppressed, ovate or lanceolate, destitute o f foliaceous tips
or appendages, mostly shorter than the dark purple disk: leaves usually opposite.—
Atrorubentes. (Discomela, Rof. Harpalium, Cass.)
t Rays 7-10, slightly exserted, or frequently wanting! (Echinomeria, Nutt.)
8. H. Radula: stems simple, often several from the same root, very hirsute
below, naked above, bearing a single head ; leaves opposite, crowded at
the base of the stem, orbicular, obovate, or broadly spatulate, obtuse, entire,
3-nerved or triplinerved, sessile or on short winged petioles, hirsute beneath,
hispid-above; the upper reduced to lanceolate bracts; scales of the involucre
and chaff of the receptacle lanceolate, acuminate, dark-purple ; achenia glabrous
; pappus of 1-2 small awns, scarcely as long as the proper tube of the
corolla.—Rudbeckia Radula, Pursh! fl. 2. p. 575. R- apetala, Nutt.! in
jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 77. Heliantbus apetalus, De Conte! ined.; Torr.!
ined. Echinorperia apetala, N u tt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. {n. ser.)
7. p. 356.
Damp pine barrens of Georgia ! Alabama ! and Florida ! Aug.-Sept.—
Stems erect from a decumbent base, perfectly simple, 1-3 feet high, extremely
hirsute below, often glabrous above, and naked, except one or two
pairs of bract-like leaves. Lower or radical leaves clustered, 1-3 inches
broad, often rounded, nearly or quite sessile, very rough and hispid above.
Heads mostly larger than in H. atrorubens ; the scales of the involucre oblong
lanceolate, ciliate, about the length of the disk. Rays when present
yellow, sometimes slightly tinged with purple. Chaff of the convex receptacle
membranaceous, with cuspidate-acuminate brownish-purple tips. Corolla
dark-purple; the proper tube nearly as long as the limb ! Achenia
compressed, the edges slightly produced at the apex so as to appear obscurely
2-toothed.
t t Rays 12-20, elongated.
9. H. heterophyllus (Nutt.): stem very slender, simple, sparsely hispid,
bearing a single head; leaves opposite, entire, hispid above, smoothish beneath;
the radical and lowest cauline oval or elliptical, narrowed at the base
or somewhat petioled, obscurely triplinerved ; the upper narrowly lanceolate,
or linear, sessile ; scales of the involucre lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate; chafi
of the receptacle acute; achenia glabrous ; pappus of 2 slender chaffy awns.
—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 74.
13. lower leaves lanceolate, with a long attenuate base.—H. heterophyllus,
Hoolc. ! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98, partly.
In dry soil ? North Carolina ! Georgia ! and Alabama ! fl. Covington,
Louisiana, Drummond! Florida, Dr. Chapman!—Stem 1-2 feet high,
naked and often nearly glabrous above. Radical leaves 1J-3 inches long,
about an inch wide, somewhat hairy on the veins beneath; the cauline pairs
distant ; the lower 2-3, or in fl. 4-7 inches long, 3-5 lines wide; the uppermost
very small. Involucre half an inch in diameter : scales glabrous or
pubescent; the exterior oval-lanceolate ; the inner narrower and more acuminate.
Rays 14-18, large, an inch or more in length. Lobes of the disk-
corolla and tips of the chaff brownish-purple. Achenia narrow, when young
slightly hairy at the summit. Awns of the pappus lanceolate-subulate,
denticulate.
10. H. atrorubens (Linn.): stem hirsute and scabrous below, trichotomous
or loosely corymbose and naked above; leaves mostly opposite, ovate, oval,
or spatulate-oblong, rough and hispid, triplinerved, somewhat serrate, obtuse,
abruptly narrowed into margined petioles, the lowest often slightly cordate;
scales of the involucre oval or obovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate ; chaff of the
VOL. II.—41