160. FILAGO. Toyrn. inst. t. 259; Geertn.fr. t. 166 ; DC. 1. c. p. 247.
Heads many-flowered, heterogamous; the central flowers tubular, 4-5-
toothed, perfect, but often infertile; the others pistillate, filiform. Scales
of the involucre few, mostly woolly. Receptacle columnar or turbinate,
naked at the summit, where it bears the perfect and a portion of the pistillate
flowers, chaffy at the margin or base; the scarious chaff-resembling the proper
scales of the involucre, each hearing in its axil a pistillate flower. Ache-
nia nearly terete, smooth or minutely papillose. Pappus of the central
flowers capillary; of the exterior caducous or none.—Annual tomentose herbs,
usually branched; with alternate entire leaves, and small mostly glomerate
or fascicled heads.
1. F. Germanica (Linn.): woolly-tomentose; stem dichotomous, the
upper branches arising from the capitate sessile glomerules; leaves lanceolate,
acute, erect, crowded; heads pyramidal; involucral scales and chaff"
cuspidate, the exterior woolly; the exterior pistillate flowers in several
series, destitute of pappus.—Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1311; DC. ! prodr. 6. p.
247. F. vulgaris, Lam. Gnaphalium Germauicum, Linn. spec. (ed. 1) 2.
p . 857 ; FI. Dan. p. 997 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 526; Darlingt.! Jl. Cest. p. 493.
Gifola vulgaris, Cass, in diet. sci. nat. Impia Germanica, Bluff Sf Fing.
jl. Germ. 2. p. 342.
Old fields and roadsides, New York ! to Virginia ! introduced from Europe.
July-Oct.—A span high. Heads aggregated in globose capitate clusters.—
Herba Impia. Cudweed.
2. F. Califomica (Nutt.) : arachnoid-tomentose, paniculately branched
from the base ; leaves linear, spreading, mucronulate, the lower spatulate-
linear; heads ovoid, in small capitate clusters; involucral scales and chaff"
all obtuse; the exterior strongly boat-shaped and very woolly; the
innermost nearly glabrous; pappus of the exterior pistillate flowers none,
of the central somewhat copious.—Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. plrdl. soc. (n. ser.)
7. p . 405.
p.tomentosa (Nutt.! 1. c.) : leaves and glomerules more crowded; chaff"
somewhat purplish.
St. Barbara, California, Nuttall!—A span high. Heads larger and more
glomerate than in F. minima (F. montana, DC.), hut smaller than’ in F.
arvensis. Achenia papillose-scabrous.
3. F. parvula: canescently woolly; stem erect, simple, or slightly
branched at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate, cuspidate ; heads ovate-
conical, acute, somewhat clustered ; involucral scales and chaff ovate, acutish;
the exterior boat-shaped and very woolly; the innermost scarious, oblong,
obtuse, nearly glabrous (yellowish); pappus of the exterior pistillate flowers
none; of the central rather copious.—Gnaphalium? filaginoides, Hook. Sf
A m . hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 359 ; Nutt. ! l.f. p. 404.
California, Douglas, Nuttall!—Stem slender, 4-6 inches high. Leaves
small, tipped with a blackish conspicuous acuminate-cuspidate point; the
uppermost linear-oblong and merely mucronulate. Achenia glandular-
puberulent. Pappus scabrous— Although overlooked by the authors who
have hitherto noticed this plant, pistillate flowers certainly exist in
the axils of all the chaffy scales; and the species is closely allied to the
preceding.
Subtribe 8. S e n e c io n e j e , Cass., DC.—Heads homogamous or heterogamous,
never dioecious, discoid or radiate; the rays ligulate, in a single
series. Receptacle scarcely ever chaffy. Anthers not caudate. Pappus
capillary.
CONSPECTUS OP TH E GENERA.
Div. 1. E rechtite.e .—Heads discoid, heterogamous; the flowers all tubular.
161. E rechtites. Marginal flowers pistillate, very slender, 2—3-toothed.
Div. 2. E usenecione.e .—Heads homogamous, or heterogamous and radiate.
* Scales o f the involucre in one or two series.
+- Leaves alternate.
162. Cacalia. Heads discoid, 5-many-flowered. Achenia glabrous. Pappus
scabrous. Flowers white or whitish. { 1 ‘
163. Senecio. Heads radiate or. discoid, many-flowered. Pappus of very slender
bristles. Receptacle flat or convex. Flowers mostly yellow.
164. T etradymia. Heads discoid, 4 - (rarely 5-9-) flowered. Pappus of copious
denticulate bristles. Achenia villous with long denticulate hairs. Receptacle
small..,
165. Crocidium. Heads radiate, many-flowered. Pappus of the* disk-flowers
barbellate, caducous 5 of the ray none! Receptacle conical!
■*— •*- Leaves opposite.
166. A rnica. Heads radiate, many-flowered. Pappus barbellate or strongly
denticulate, rather rigid. Receptacle flat. & 1
* * Involucre imbricated.
167. L essingia. Heads discoid, many-flowered, homogamous; the marginal
flowers larger and radiatiform, deeply 5-lobed. Pappus scabrous, rather
rigid. Achenia silky-villous.
Div. 1. E r e c h t i t e s , DC.—Flowers discoid, heterogamous; the
marginal flowers tubular, pistillate.
161. ERECH TIT E S. Raf. (jl. Ludov. p. 65 ? excl. char.); Less. syn.
p. 390 ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 294.
Heads many-flowered, discoid ; the flowers all tubular; the marginal pistillate,
with a very slender somewhat 2-3-toothed corolla ; the others perfect,
with the corolla 4-5-toothed. Scales of the cylindrical involucre in a single
series, linear, acute, with a few calycujate bracteoles. Receptacle naked,
somewhat papillose. Branches of the style tipped with a pubescent cone!
Achenia oblong, striate, somewhat contracted at the apex. Pappus copious,
of very fine capillary bristles.—Erect annual herbs (the genuine specie!
American), with alternate simple leaves, and corymbose heads. Flowers
whitish or yellowish.
vox., i i .—55