2. M. deltoidea (Michx.): leaves opposite, ovate-deltoid, undivided, or
obscurely angulate-lobed, canescent-scabrous; scales of the involucre ovate;
chaff of the receptacle somewhat membranaceous, obtuse, mucronulate.—
DC. 1. c. M. urticasfolia, Cass. Melananthera deltoidea, Michx. 1. c. (note.)
M. Linnsei, H. B. K. Bidens nivea, Linn. 1. c. (a. excl. syn. D ill.);
Swartz, obs. p. 296. Calea aspera, Jacq. ic. rar. t. 583.
Key West, Florida, Mr. Blodgett!—A common species in the West
Indies.
84. ZINNIA. L in n .; Gcertn. fr . t. 172 ; Schkuhr, handb. t. 252 ; DC.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers pistillate; those of the disk tubular,
perfect. Involucre imbricate; the scales roundish or oval, margined. Receptacle
conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered' with oblong conduplicate
chaffy scales which envelope the disk-flowers. Rays obovate or oblong,
coriaceous, reticulated, persistent, continuous with the summit of the acheni-
um, or rarely somewhat articulated. Lobes of the corolla of the disk densely
velvety-villous at the summit with colored hairs. Branches of the style in
the disk-flowers terminated by a hairy somewhat capitate cone. Achenia
nearly wingless ; those of the ray somewhat 3-sided, mostly destitute of pappus
; of the disk compressed or flat, 1-2-awned or toothed, rarely naked.—
Annual (American) herbs, with opposite mostly sessile entire leaves. Heads
solitary terminating the branches, showy, persistent. Rays purple, orange,
scarlet, or greenish-white..
1. Z. multijlora (Linn.): stem erect, branching, somewhat hirsute; leaves
scarcely somewhat petioled [or closely sessile] ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles
longer than the leaves; the apex (particnJirly of the central one) hollow and
inflated or obconical, striate ; scales of tne .pampanulate involucre appressed ;
ligules obovate, obtuse or emarginat§ ; chaff of the receptacle obtuse, entire ;
achenia of the disk with a single awn. DC.—Linn, spec, (ed. 2) 2. p. 1269 ;
Linn. f . dec. t. 12; Lam. ill. t. 685 ; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2139; DC.! prodr.
5. p. 535.
Louisiana, Willdenow. Carolina, Bose! Alabama, Hr. Gates! Key West,
Mr. Blodgett! Texas, Drummond. !** Sept.—This is doubtless a native plant,
at least in some of the above-cited localities. The specimens accord with
the cultivated plant, in which also the leaves are often closely sessile, and
the species is probably, as De Candolle suspects, not sufficiently distinct
from Z. pauciflora, Linn. The fays are purplish in all our specimens,
while in that of Bose (in herb. DC.) they appear to have been yellow.
2. Z. grancliflora (Nutt.): perennial ? dwarf; stem much branched from
the base; leaves linear-lanceolate, connate, with scabrous margins; scales
of the involucre rounded ; rays (yellow) very large, orbicular-oval; palete
fimbriate ; achenia of the disk with a single awn. Nutt! in trans. Amer. phil.
soc. (n. ser.) 7. p . 348.
Rocky Mountains, Dr. James !—A very distinct and splendid species.
Stem somewhat hirsute, scarcely more than 5 inches high. Leaves a“bout
an inch long, 2-3 lines wide. Rays three-fourths of an inch wide, appearing
cordate at the base : disk apparently orange. Nutt.—The plant is minutely
strigose, and the crowded leaves are impressed-punctate.
85. WYETHIA. Nutt, in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 39, t. 5, (1834), Sfin
trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c. (n. ser.) 7. p. 351.
Alarqonia, DC. 1836.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, and sometimes
with sterile filaments. Scales of the cainpanulate involucre loosely
and irregularly imbricated in 2 or 3 series, somewhat equal, foliaceous,
as long as the disk; the innermost smaller and resembling the chaff. Receptacle
slightly convex; the chaff lanceolate, carinate, acute, as long as
the flowers and partly embracing" them. Rays large. Corolla of the disk
cylindrical, elongated:, with a short proper tube, 5-toothed ; the teeth nearly
glabrous. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers glabrous; in the disk
elongated, linear-filiform, revolute, strongly hispid, nearly smooth on the
back. Achenia stout, elongated, 4-5-angled, prismatic, terminated with a
rigid coroniform or Calycifbrm 5-10-toothed or laciniate pappus,, one or more
of the teeth usually prolonged, into a rigid persistent awn.—Perennial herbs
(natives of Oregon and California), with somewhat the habit, of Helianthus
or Inula Helenium, furnished with long tap-roots, usually simple stems,
with alternate mostly entire veiny leaves, and large solitary heads. Flowers
of the ray and disk yellow.
* Scales o f the involucre linear-lanceolate, n/umerous, more or less hirsute, as well as
stem and leaves: rays 12-20.
1. W. helianihoides (Nutt.): dwarf; stem very hairy at the summit,
bearing a single head ; leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat pubescent, with
scabrous margins, tapering into a petiole ; exterior scales of the involucre
linear, the interior lanceolate; pappus short, unequally and obtusely 5-10-
toothed, and sometimes with a single slender awn.—Nu tt.! in jour. acad.
1. c. t. 5, 8fin trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 351.
“ In the Kamas plains near the Flat-Head River, towards the sources of
the Oregon, and in thé plains near the Blue Mountains'of Oregon,” Mr.
Wyeth ! Nuttall!—About a span high. Rays pale yellow. Summit of the
achenium and the variable coroniform pappus minutely pubescent.—We
have not the means of satisfying ourselves whether -this species is sufficiently
distinct from the following."
2. W. robusta (Nutt.) : stem and midrib of the leaves villous-hirsute,
bearing a single head; cauline leaves-lanceolate, acute, pubescent, entire,
tapering to the base, the lower petioled ; the radical large, elliptical-lanceolate,
petioled, often sparingly serrate; scales of the involucre lanceolate,
very hirsute, especially on the margins; pappus of 5-10 irregular stout teeth
(silky-pubescent) and mostly of 1 to 4 stout 'awns.—Nutt..! in trans. Amer.
phil.“soc. 1. c. Alarconia helenioides, DC. prodr. 5. p. 537 ? (and therefore,
Wyethia helenioides, Nutt. 1. c. ?)
' j3. leaves appearing somewhat glutinous ; the lower 'elongated lanceolate,
tapering into slender petioles.—Helianthus longifolius, Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 312, <$• bol. Beechey, suppl. p. 353, as to the Oregon plant. H. Hook-
erianus, DC. prodr. 5. p. 590. ;
“ Plains of the Oregon near the confluence of the Wahlamet, common, in
wet places,” Nuttall! /?. “ Common in low moist soil on the plains of the
Columbia near the ocean, the plains of the Multnomah, and in the vallies of
the Rocky Mountains,” Douglas! in herb. Hook. June.—Stem stout, li-3