45. S. linoides (Soland. in herb. Banks.): smooth and glabrous; stem
slender, simple; leaves lanceolate, finely appressed-serrate, with ciliolate-
scabrous margins; the radical and lower cauline acute or acuminate at both
ends, on slender ciliate petioles; the upper often oblong, sometimes entire;
panicle small, turned to one side (rarely compound), the short racemes at
length open, secund; scales of the involucre oblong-linear, obtuse, appressed;
rays 1-3, short, the disk-flowers 4-5; achenia glabrous.—Bigelovia? unili-
gulata, D C .! prodr. 5. p. 329, excl. syn. Chrysoma uniligulata, Nutt, in
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p . 325. Solidago uliginosa, partly, Nutt.!
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 101.
Sphagnous swamps of W ilding River, &c. in the pine barrens of New
Jersey! Near Boston, Mr. Greene! (in herb. Hook.) Sept.—Oct.—A slender
plant, 12 to 20 inches high; with a panicle only 3 or 4 inches long,somewhat
contracted, usually turned to one side; the short and rather crowded
racemes at length spreading or somewhat recurved; heads small. Radical
and lowest cauline leaves 2—5 inches long, tapering into a petiole about the
same length, half an inch wide; the upper gradually reduced in size, less
tapering, sessile. Achenia often with a few minute scattered hairs when
young.—Somewhat allied to S. virgata, and especially to S. stricta: it is a
more slender plant than the latter, with a different inflorescence, and fewer
flowers. The ray is frequently reduced to a single flower, and those of the
disk to four; but we quite as commonly find 2 to 4 rays (in the specimens
from which De Candolle was supplied), showing the little consequence that
can be attached to this character: nearly every section of Solidago presents
species with only one or two rays.—We have adopted the name which, according
to Dr. Boott, was applied to this species by Solander. This and S.
stricta appear to have been more or less confounded by Nuttall under his S.
uliginosa; Dr. Pickering’s specimens from “ sphagnous swamps and marshy
thickets in Massachusetts,” preserved in the herbarium of the Academy of
Natural Sciences, belonging entirely to S. stricta; while others from New
Jersey belong to the present species.
t t Leaves (small) serrate, copiously feather-veined, the veinlets conspicuously
reticulated: heads small.
46. S. altissima (Linn.): stem hirsute with rough hairs; leaves ovatelanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute at each end or acuminate, Sessile,
coarsely serrate with sharp and unequal spreading teeth, strongly feather-
veined and more or less reticulated, often rugose, scabrous above, hirsute on
the veins beneath; racemes paniculate, secund (ascending or recurved);
scales of the involucre linear; rays 6—9, small; the disk-flowers 4-7; achenia
pubescent.—Linn. spec. 2 .p. 878; A it.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3.p . 212; Willd.
spec. 3. p- 2058; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 305; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p .
2 ; Darlingt.! fl. Cest.p. 456. (Virga-Aurea spec. Dill. E lth .f. 391,^392,
393.) (S. altissima, pilosa, recurvata, & Virginiana, Mill. diet. is. altissima,
aspera, rugosa, & villosa, Pursh, fl. 2. p. 536. S. altissima, aspera,
rugosa, dchumilis, DC.! prodr. 5.,p. 333. Sfc.)
p. stem villous; leaves thin, strongly and sharply serrate, often nearly
smooth and glabrous above, and rather softly hairy on the veins beneath.—
S. altissima fl. Ait. 1. c. S. villosa, {Herb. Banks!) Pursh! fl. 2. p. 537 ;
Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p . 2 ; not of DC.—Varies, with the racemes at
first erect, at length recurved. S. humilis, Desf.! cat. hort. Par. ed. 3. p.
402; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 336; not of Pursh.
y. stem scabrous-pubescent or somewhat hirsute; leaves serrate with appressed
teeth, varying from ovate-oblong to lanceolate (the uppermost not
narrowed at the base), reticulated, mostly rugose.—Virga-Aurea Nova: Anglic
rugosis foliis crenatis, Dill. Elth. t. 308, ƒ. 396. Solidago rugosa,
M ill.; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2058; Ait. Kewi, {ed. 2) 5. p. 66; Pursh! fl. 2.
®. 537; E ll.! sk. 2. p. 574 ; Hook. ! §jj c. (Varies, with the stem hirsute,
as in icon. Dill; and in S. ulmifolia, E ll. ! sic. 2. p. 373 (spec, ex M M . .),
not of Muhl. herb, or W illd.; or scabrous with a short pubescence ; with the
leaves either very scabrous, or almost smooth and glabrous; the lowermos
frequently serrate with sharp salient teeth, as in var. a.
<5. leaves elliptical or oblong-ovate, short, crenate-serrate, very strongly
rugose, scabrous above; the lower surface, with the stem, pubescent with
close rather soft hairs. , .
e. leaves ovate-elliptical or oblong, serrate with small and sharp mostly
appressed teeth, somewhat rugose, very scabrous above, scabrous-pubescent
beneath.—Virga-Aurea aspera, &c. Dill. Elth. t. 305, ƒ. 392. Solidago
aspera, A it.! Kew. {ed 1) 3. p. 212; Willd. | c .; Muhl. cat. p. 79;
E ll.! sk. 2. p. 371. S. scabra, Nutt.; DC. 1. c. 1 not of Muhl.
Borders of fields and thickets, mostly in low or rich ground, Canada.
Newfoundland! & Labrador! (chiefly var. fl.) and nearly throughout the United
States! very common. <5. Louisiana, Drummond! Dr. Ingalls! Dr.
Leavenworth! e. Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg! to Georgia, Dr. Boykin.
Aug.-Oct.—One of the most common Golden-Rods, exhibiting a great variety
of forms; of which we have only characterized the more striking. A
correct view of the species, we think, is taken in the first edition of the Hor-
tus Kewensis. We are in doubt as to the plant originally intended by Lm-
B33us, but the synonyms adduced, at least those of Dillenius, belong to this
species. The specific name is not always appropriate: the plant vanes
from 2 or 3 to 6 or 7 feet in height.
47. S. ulmifolia (Muhl.): stem smooth and glabrous, the branches hairy;
leaves membranaceous, elliptic-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, tapenng
to the base, acuminate, coarsely and unequally serrate (the uppermost entire),
loosely veined, smooth above, softly hairy beneath, especially the midrib
and margins; racemes paniculate, recurved-spreading; scales of the involucre
lanceolate-oblong; rays about 4, short; achenia minutely pubescent—
Muhl.! in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2060 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 538 ; Darlmgt.!
fl. Cest. p. 457 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 333 (ex char.); not of Ell.
Woods and low grounds, Northern and Western States! and along the
upper country to Alabama! Aug.-Sept.—Resembles some states of the
preceding species; but the striate stem is glabrous, or with scattered soft
hairs, and the thin leaves are softly pubescent or villous beneath, and either
glabrous or sparsely hairy above, &c.: the radical leaves are elliptic-ovate,
with winged petioles. The specific name is not appropriate, but this is the
plant described by Willdenow, and of Muhlenberg s herbarium, yet not the
one sent by the latter to Elliott.
48. S. Drummondii: stem and lower surface of the leaves, especially the
veins, minutely velvety-pubescent; leaves ovate or broadly oval, acute at
each end, almost petioled, sharply serrate, veiny, somewhat triplinerved,
smooth and slightly pubescent on the veins above; those of the branches entire;
racemes secund, paniculate; scales of the involucre oblong, obtuse;
rays 4-5, small; the disk-flowers 5 or 6; achenia pubescent.—“ S. ulmifolia,
Eli.?” Hook.! compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 97.
St. Louis, Missouri, Drummond! Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth. Upper
part of the stem (the lower portion not seen), with the branches and peduncles,
clothed with a fine and close velvety pubescence, leafy to the summit.
Leaves 2 inches or more in length, about an inch and a half wide, of a
rather firm texture; abruptly acute at both ends, appearing slightly petioled,
strongly serrate; the younger slightly pubescent above; those of the branches
small, often obtuse, Heads nearly as large as in S. altissima. Involucre
nearly glabrous. Pappus rather shorter than the corolla of the disk-
flowers.
v o l . n.—28