and sometimes perennial. Stem 1-2 feet high. Leaves clothed with a
minute appressed pubescence ; the short hairs which fringe the margin incurved.
Involucre often tinged with purple. Heads, including the rays,
about an inch in diameter. Rays 8- 10, small and distant, cuneiform, narrowed
at the base, deeply 3-cleft, yellow throughout, or pale violet beneath
or at the base, the nerves often violet. Corolla of the disk, as in the other
species, either violet-purple or yellow, at length turning violet at the summit.
Receptacle nearly or quite naked, by which the species (the only one in the
Atlantic Southern States) may always be distinguished.—We have received
the rayless and nearly rayless states from Alabama (Mr. Buckley!) and
Florida (Hr. Leavenworth !), and have seen it in the herbarium of De Candolle.
It is also mentioned by Michaux.
2. G. aristata (Pursh): perennial, villous-pubescent or almost tomentose;
stems simple or branched ; radical and lower leaves lanceolate, tapering into
slender petioles, sinuate-pinnatifid or toothed (the lobes or teeth 2-4 on each
side); the uppermost linear or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, usually dilated at
the base and partly clasping; involucre very hirsute and callous at the base,
equalling or exceeding the disk; corolla of the disk with short broadly subulate
teeth ; chaff of the pappus (6- 8) broadly lanceolate ; fimbrill® of the
receptacle few, aristiform, slender, distinct and not dilated at the base, twice
or thrice the length of the achenia.—Pursh, jl. 2. p. 573; Lindl. hot. reg. t.
1186 ,• Hook. hot. mag. t. 2940, Sf Jl. Bor.-Am.! 1. p . 315; DC.! prodr.
5. p . 652 ; Gay! in ann. sci. nat. 1. c. p. 57. G. bicolor, Sims, hot. mag.
t. 1062 (fide Gay); Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. c. (excl. syn.) G. bicolor /?.
aristata, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 175. G. rustica, Cass.; Desf. cat. hort. Par. ed.
3, fide Gay. G. lanceolata, DC. 1. c. (excl. syn. Michx. 6c Ell.), fide Gay.
Plains and prairies, Missouri! and Saskatchawan! to Oregon1—Plant
12-18 inches high ; the stems frequently simple. 'Head 1J-2 inches in diameter.
Rays 10-18, crowded, elongated-cuneiform, deep yellow throughout,
or sometimes orange or reddish violet at the very base. Achenia scarcely
hairy except at the base.—This species presents several forms, which perhaps
cannot be limited or defined. That which best accords with Pursh’s
description (G. aristata, Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am., partly,) has all the upper
leaves entire, and the exterior scales of the involucre much longer than the
disk: another (G. aristata, Hook. Oregon, Dr. Scouler !) has a shorter and
more woolly involucre; while in the G. bicolor, Hook. 1. c., nearly all the
lower leaves are frequently sinuate or pinnatifid. Gay’s description is excellent,
except that we never find the seti'form fimbrills of the receptacle
“ nearly as long as the corolla,” but sometimes about two-thirds its length :
they are few and sparse, so as not to circumscribe the. areolese, and are
somewhat deciduous.
3. G. pinnatijida (Torr.): perennial, canescent; stem low, branching;
leave» sessile, pinnatifid; the rachis and remote lobes linear; involucre in
about 2 series, nearly equal to the disk; chaff of the pappus (7-10) lanceolate,
rather shorter than the obtusely 5-toothed corolla ; fimbrillre of the receptacle
aristiform, slender, sparse, not dilated at the base, longer than the
achenia.— Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New York, 2. p. 214.
Western Arkansas or Missouri, (on the Canadian River?) Dr. James!—
Plant about a span high, perhaps suffruticose, leafy. Heads rather small.
Rays deeply 3-cleft, “ purple towards the base, yellow at the summit.”
The aristate portion of the pappus much shorter than the elongated-lanceolate
chaff.
4. G. pulchella (Fougeroux): annual, puberulent or slightly hirsute,
branching; leaves lanceolate; the lower ones tapering at the base and slightly
petioled, somewhat toothed (rarely incised or pinnately. lobed); the
upper entire, partly clasping, apiculate-acuminate; involucre very hirsute
and callous at the base, longer than the disk ; corolla of the disk with attenuate
subulate teeth; chaff of the pappus ovate or lanceolate-oblong, with
long awns; fimbrillas of the receptacle aristiform-subulate, not dilated at the
base, slender, longer than the achenia.—Fougeroux, in mem. acad. 1. c. t. 1
<V 2 ; Cass, in diet. sci. nat. 18. p. 19; DC. prodr. 5. p. 652 ; Gay, l. c.
G. bicolor, Lam. diet. 2. p. 590, ill. t. 708 ; Ail. Kew. (ed. 2) 5. p . 129 ;
Torr. ! in ann. lyc. 1. c. (excl. syn.) G. Drummondii, D C .! 1. c. (excl.
syn-), 7. p. 292 (excl. syn. G. picta, Sweet.), fide Gay. G. bicolor «ar.
Drummondii, integerrima, Hook. hot. mag. t. 3551 ? Calonnea pulcherri-
ma, “ Buchoz, ic. t. 126.” Yirgilia helenioides, “ L'Her. diss. (ic.); Smith,
exot. hot. 1. p . 71, t. 37.”
Louisiana 1 Arkansas! and Texas! Introduced into the French gardens
from Louisiana in the year 1786, and lost about 1791; again recently introduced
by .Drummond.—Heads an inch or more in diameter. Rays 10- 12,
attenuate at the base, deeply 3-cleft, violet-purple, the teeth yellow. Fim-
brillffi 4-5 to each areola, rigid, persistent. Achenia involucrate with a villous
ferruginous tuft.—In some specimens, (G. Drummondii, D C .!) the
chaffy portion of the pappus is broadly ovate, in others ovate-oblong or oblong
lanceolate ; but we observe no other difference. The fimbrill® appear
to be as long as in G. aristata.—According to Mr. Spach (Ann. sci. nat. (n.
ser.) 15. p. 34), this is a perennial species, and to it he unites the following.
5. G. picta (Don): suffruticose, much branched; leaves sessile, linear-
lanceolate, scarcely if at all dilated or clasping at the base, entire, or the
lower ones with a few coarse teeth, and the upper denticulate; scales of the
involucre equalling or exceeding the disk, hairy, callous and somewhat hirsute
at the base ; 'corolla of the disk with long subulate teeth ; chaff of the
pappus oblong-lanceolate; fimbrillae of the receptacle 4-6 to each areola)
subulate, rigid, dilated and triquetrous at the base, rather longer than the
achenia. Gay, l. c.—Don. in Brit. jl. gard. ser. 2. t. 267. (excl. habitat
Louisiana.) G. bieolor, var. Drummondii, Hook. hot. mag. t. 3368.
Rio Brazos, Texas, Drummond !—Leaves rather thick, often with a brownish
margin, scabrous-ciliolate. Heads 12-15 lines in diameter. . Rays about
12, broadly cuneiform, reddish-orange; the teeth yellow. Fimbrillce stout,
carinate at the base.—Resembles the preceding. In the indigenous, as well
as in our cultivated specimens, the lower leaves are frequently sinuate-pinnatifid.
Among the former, there is a state of the species with what appears
like an annual root, and the stems only 3 inches high bear a single head.
* * Pappus of the ray-jlowers aimdess.
6. G. amhlyodon (Gay): annual; stem hirsute-pubescent, simple or
branching; leaves sessile, denticulate, scabrous-pubescent; the lowest somewhat
spatulate; the others oblong-linear, somewhat auriculate at the base
and clasping; involucre hirsute, rather longer than the disk, the scales callous
and appressed for nearly half their length; corolla of the disk with short
triangular rather obtuse teeth ; chaff of the pappus lanceolate; fimbrillse of
the,receptacle aristiform, unequal, not dilated at the base, mostly longer than
the achenia.—Gay! in ann. sci. nat. 1. c .p . 63.
Texas, Drummond!—Stem 3 0—18 inches high. Leaves numerous, rather
thick, serrate towards the summit. Scales of the involucre imbricate in 3 to
4 series, more erect and callous at the base than in any other species, the intermediate
ones longer than the exterior. Rays about 12, elongated cuneiform,
deeply 3-toothed, brownish-purple throughout in the dried state. Pappus
of the ray composed of 5—7 short ovate or obovate membranous scales,
three or four of which are more or less mucronate, the others lacerate or
denticulate at the summit.