t J Species founded on garden specimens (many of unknown or uncertain origin),
which we have not identified with native plants.
* Racemes erect.
79. S. grandiflora (Desf.): clothed with a short and close villous pubescence,
somewhat scabrous; leaves elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, finely serrate,
acute; the lower narrowed at the base; racemes paniculate, forming a
thyrsus ; heads 30-40-flowered ; scales of the involucre oblong, obtuse, pubescent;
rays (large) 8-10 ; achenia pubescent.—Desf. ! cat. hort. Par. ed.
3. p. 403 ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 337.
North America 1 the particular origin unknown ; cultivated in the Garden
of Plants, Paris.—We have seen no indigenous specimens of this species ;
which has much the aspect of S. rigida, and its heads are nearly the same
size ; but the rather loose racemes are paniculate, the upper shorter and with
few heads, so that the inflorescence forms a pyramidal thyrsus or panicle
instead of a fastigiate corymb ; the scales of the involucre are narrower and
less obtuse ; the achenia clothed with a minute pubescence ; even the upper
leaves are serrulate, and the radical (which we have not seen) are said to be
scarcely petioled.
80. S. multiflora (Desf.): stem erect, glabrous, terete, very much branched,
the paniculate branches sparsely pubescent; leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminate,
serrate, glabrous, or the uppermost somewhat pubescent along the
nerves ; racemes erect; scales of the involucre glabrous, acute; rays rather
longer than the disk. DC.—D e s f! cat. hort. Par. ed. 1804, p. 103,
&■ ed. 3. p . 402 ; Pers. syn. 2. p. 449; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 336.
Said to be of North American origin; but we have seen no native specimens
which accord with the cultivated plant. The heads resemble S. Canadensis,
but the racemes are very short, in erect panicles. Achenia pubescent.
Leaves somewhat scabrous above; the upper slightly triplinerved, the
midrib pubescent.
81. S.fuscata (Desf.) : very glabrous; stem erect, brownish-red, smooth
[terete] ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire; racemes erect; pedicels short,
bracteolate; scales of the involucre oblong, glabrous, scarcely acute ; rays
5-6, linear, a little longer than the disk; the disk-flowers 6-7. DC.—“Desf. !
cat. hart. Par. ed. 3. p. 402” ; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 340.
North America ?—Unknown to us as a native plant. The leaves are not
unlike S. speciosa.
82. S. plantaginea (Desf.): glabrous; stem angled; leaves triplinerved,
slightly serrulate, acute, narrowed towards the base; the lower ovate ; flori-
ferous branches erect, leafy. Desf. cat. 1. c. p. 402.
Cultivated in the Paris Garden; probably of American origin.— Very
glabrous: stem 3-4 feet high. Flower-branches panicled; the partial
racemes of few small heads. Pedicels with subulate bracts. Desf. This
is referred by De Candolle to his S. elliptica.
83. S. hirta (Willd.): stem paniculate, hirsute; leaves lanceolate, scabrous
on both sides; the cauline serrate, those of the branches entire; racemes
erect; rays elongated. Willd. enum. p . 891.
North America.—Sufficiently distinguished by its hirsute stem, and scabrous
leaves; the cauline deeply and sharply serrate. Willdenow.—It has
never been identified in this country.
84. S. lithospermifolia (Willd.): stem branching, pubescent; leaves lanceolate,
attenuate, scabrous on both sides, triplinerved, entire; racemes
erect; rays elongated. Willd. enum. p. 892 ; Dink, enum. 2. p. 332 ; DC.
prodr. 5. p. 339.
North America, Willdenow.—Leaves nearly as in Lithospermum officinale.
Willd. 1. c.—Cauline leaves long, triplinerved, scabrous. Flowers
rather large. Link.—Stem pubescent, somewhat hispid. Leaves apicu-
lale with a callous mucronation, somewhat triplinerved, the lateral veins
minute. DC.—Pursh, who professes to have seen this species growing, gives
the habitat, Sandy barren woods, New Jersey to Carolina; but affords no
other information.
85. S. gracilis (Poir.): stem erect, glabrous, somewhat simple; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, glabrous, ciliolate, feather-veined; the lower
oval-lanceolate, attenuate at the base; the uppermost nearly entire; racemes
erect, bearing few heads disposed in a narrow panicle; scales of the
involucre scarcely acute; flowers 9; those of the ray nearly twice the length
of the disk. DC.—Poir. diet. 8. p. 476? (where the leaves are said to be
entire) DC. pi. rar. hort. Cenev. 6. p. 6, prodr. 5. p. 336.
North America?—The plant is said to be a foot and a half high, with a
reddish stem; the largest leaves 2 inches long, 6-8 lines wide; the branches
terminated by erect panicles, 2-3 inches in length, less than an inch m
breadth: the ovaries clothed with very small appressed hairs. latter
character, among others, would seem to separate the plant from S. stneta
and S. linoides.
86. S. Schraderi (DC.): stem erect, terete, sparsely pubescent, panicu-
lately branched; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate at the apex,
glabrous, with somewhat scabrous margins, the uppermost entire ; racemes
erect, very short, bracteolate ; scales of the involucre acute ; rays linear, as
lorig as the disk. DC. prodr. 5. p. 336. S. gracilis, Schrad. hort. Gcett.,
fide DC. , ,
A species of unknown (probably N. American) origin, allied to the preceding;
but the leaves longer, narrower, and a little more rigid; the long paniculate
branches bearing very short axillary racemes for a long distance; the
rays much shorter, &c. DC.
87. S. carinata (Schrad. in DC .): stem erect, angled at the summit,
somewhat puberulent; radical leaves on long petioles, oblong, tapering at
the base, obtuse at the apex, mucronate, sinuate-serrate ; the upper sessile,
linear, somewhat serrate ; all glabrous, with the margins scabrous, the midrib
prominent beneath; racemes erect, disposed in a panicle; rays 7-9,
longer than the disk. DC. prodr. 5. p. 337.
Cultivated in the Goettingen Botanic Garden, the origin unknown, perhaps
North American.—Radical leaves 7 inches long, including the petiole, 8-10
lines broad. Pedicels puberulent, bracteolate. DC.—Perhaps a cultivated
state of S. stricta.
88. S. mollis (Bartl.): leaves, as well as the terete stem, pulverulent-
pubescent, with scabrous margins, obovate-oblong, serrate above; the floral
ones oblong, entire; racemes erect, panicled; scales of the involucre appressed,
acute, glabrous; rays longer than the disk. Bartl. ind. sem. hort.
Gcett. 1836, p. 5, Sfin Linncea, 12. suppl. p. 80 ; DC. prodr. 7. p. 279.
North America ; raised from seed collected by Prince Neu-wied.—May it
be a state of S. nemoralis?
* * Racemes spreading or recurved, seewnd.
89. S. verrucosa (Schrad.): stem verrucose, glabrous, erect, the summit
reflexed; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, glabrous, the upper narrower
; racemes axillary, as long as the leaves, compound, the summit re-
flexed; rays elliptical. “ Schrad. hort. Gcett. p. 12. t. 6, Sf in neu. jour.
1810, p. 140 ; ex DC. prodr. 5. p. 334.