of the involucre or chaff of the receptacle w hen invested by these), or winged.
Pappus none, or coroniform. Anthers united.
i c i f f n W I fM Li“n- <[Fougeromria recta, DC.) is a native of the coast of Mex-
an 5 f0t “ Maryland, as Linnaeus supposed, being misled by the synonym he
M hW * 9“ P l a n e t (Chrysanthemum Americamun, caule L to S S
“ “ * “ > '■ / n r » “ y *
7 0 . B L E N N O S P E R M A . Less. syn. p. 267; DC. prodr. 7 , mant.p. 2 8 8 .
Coniothele & Apalus, DC.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers 5-10, in a single series, pistillate,
the elliptical ligule obtuse at the base and articulated with the ovary, entirely
destitute of tube ; those of the disk numerous, tubular, sterile by the abortion
of the ovary. Scales of the involucre 5-10, elliptical or oblong, membrana-
ceo-herbaceous, nearly in a single series. Receptacle at length convex, not
chaffy. Corolla of the disk short, with a much dilated 4-5-lobed limb.
Anthers oval. Style in the fertile flowers with short obtuse branches; in the
sterile capitate. Achenia (of the disk none,) of the ray oblong, terete, narrowed
towards the base, canescent with pulverulent papillse (which when
moistened open at the extremity, or by 2 valves, and emit 2 long filaments
of extreme tenuity, soon forming an apparently gelatinous mass equal in
thickness to the achenia itself), destitute of pappus.—Annual slender and
somewhat branching small herbs (Chilian and Californian), with alternate
pmnately-parted leaves; the branches naked and somewhat pubescent above,
and mostly terminated by a single small head. Rays, disk-flowers, and*
anthers pale yellow.
1. B. Californicum : scales of the involucre and rays 7-10 ; a series offer
tile apetalous flowers alternating with the rays ; branches of the style in the
fmile flowers oval, flat.-Coniothele Californica, DC. ! prodr. b. p. 531®
Hook. 8p A m ..' hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 352. - * P >
California, Douglas .'—Plant 4 - 6 inches high, slightly pubescent w h e n
S f o S 0If n e characters given above, the Calffonfian plant scarcely
diflers from B. Chilense, except in the rather fewer disk-flowers of the latter
the linear-oblong branches of the fertile style, and the evidently 5-sulcate-
striate achenia. In both, the elliptical ray is immediately sessile on the
ovary, and when it falls off leaves a round perforation close to its base
The only distinction of any generic consequence between Blennosperma and
Coniothele is entirely unnoticed by De Candolle, and may not beTonstam
B Pro7 e/ Permanent character, it will be proper to preserve the name
of Coniothele for the section. It consists in the presence of a series of fertile
flowers alternate with the rays, and exaptly similar to them, except that
instead of a sessile ligule, they bear a minute deciduous ring, wlflch reme’
sents the ligule reduced to its mere insertion. These apetalous flowersPwe
um ormly observe in Californian specimens, but do not find in the Chilian
plant.—An excefient account of the structure of the papilla of the achenia
lnrc. ud<:(1 sP«'al filaments, as observed in some other Composite is
given by Decaisne, m Ann. sci. nat. (ser. 2.) 6. p. 251. ^ ’
71. POLYMNIA. Linn.; Ctsrtn.fr. t. 174, ƒ. 2 ; DC.prodr. b .p .b li.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (5-10 or more) pistillate, in a single
series ; those of the disk tubular, sterile. Scales of the involucre in a
double series; the exterior about 5, large and spreading, foliaceous, ovate
or lanceolate; the interior smaller, membranaceous, partly,embracing the
fertile achenia. Receptacle flat, chaffy ; the chaff scarious,.lanceolate or oblong.
Corolla of the disk inflated above, thin and pellucid, with 5 short
teeth. Style in the sterile flowers 2-cleft; the branches hairy. Achenia
glabrous, destitute of pappus; those of the disk abortive, terete; of the ray
thick, obovoid, slightly compressed laterally, wingless.—Perennial (American)
herbs, usually viscid-pubescent, with an unpleasant odor. Leaves opposite,
or sometimes alternate (at least the uppermost), "large, dilated, membranaceous,
variously angled, lobed, or cleft, often with stipule-like appendages
at the base. Heads paniculate-corymbose. Flowers yellow or
yellowish.
§ 1. Rays inconspicuous, shorter than the involucre.—Eupolymnia. (Alymnia,
Neck. Polymniastrum, Ldm.)
1. P. Canadensis (L inn.): viscid-pubescent; leaves petioled, opposite;
the uppermost ^alternate, deltoid-ovate or rhomboidal, often 3-5-angled or
lobed, or somewhat hastate ; the lower deeply pinnatifid or lyrate; involucre
very viscid and h a iry ; the exterior scales ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
. rather larger than the (5-8) interior ; rays obovate-cuneiform, obtusely
3-lobed at the summit; achenia crowned with a protuberant ring.—
* Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 926, 8f amcen. acad. 3. t. 1, ƒ. 5 ; Lam. ill. t. 711;
Michx.! Jl. 2. p. 147 ; Purshl Jl. 2. p. 579; Ell. sk. 2. p. 471; Darlingt.l
Jl. Cest. p. 476; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 515. P. variabilis, Poir. diet. 5. p . 505 ?
Polymniastrum, Lam. ill. t. 712 ?
Hill-sides in shady rich soil along streams, Canada! and Northern States!
to the mountains of Carolina! and west to Missouri. July .-Aug.—Stem
2-5 feet high. Leaves very thin, pale green. Heads small. Flowers very
pale yellow or ochroleucous.
§ 2. Rays fiat, much longer than the involucre.—Polymnactis. (Polymnia,
Lam,., Cass.)
2. P . Uvedalia (Linn.): scabrous-pubescent or somewhat hirsute; leaves
opposite, triplinerved, broadly ovate or deltoid ; the lower large, nearly as
broad as long, palmately lobed and sinuate, abruptly narrowed into a winged
petiole; the uppermost nearly sessile, sinuate-toothed; involucre slightly
pubescent and viscid; the exterior scales oblong-ovate, obtuse, ciliate, many
times larger than the (10-14) ovate-lanceolate acuminate interior ones ; rays
linear-oblong, 3-toothed at the apex, thrice the length of the inner scales of the
involucre.—Linn. ! spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. 1303 ; Lam. ill. t. 711,/. 2 ; Michx. !
fi. 2. p. 147 ; Pursh, l. c. ; Ell. 1. c. ; Darlingt. 1. c .; DC.! prodr. 5.
, p. bib. Osteospermum Uvedalia, Linn. spec. {ed. 1) p. 923. Chrysanthemum
angulosis platani-foliis, &c., Pluk. aim. t. 83, ƒ. 3. C. perenne Vir-
ginianum, &c., Moris, hist. 3. sect. 6. t. 7, ƒ. 55.
Rich dry soil, New York ! and Pennsylvania! (rare) to' Georgia ! Louisiana!
and Arkansas ! and Missouri! June-Aug.—Stem stout, grooved and
angled, nearly glabrous below, 4-10 feet high. Lower leaves about a foot
vol. u.—35