1. E. kieracifolia (Raf.): somewhat hairy or glabrous; stem simple or
paniculate above, striate-sulcate; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, unequally
and sharply toothed or incised, tapering to the base, sessile; the upper often
sagittate-auriculate at the base and partly clasping; involucre glabrous, subtended
by small subulate-linear calyculate bracteoles.—DC.! prodr. 6. p.
294, E. hieracifolia, prsealta, & elongata, Raf. Senecio hieracifolius, Linn,
spec. 2. p. 866 ; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 119; Pursh ! fi. 2. p. 529 ; Ell. sk. 2. p.
328; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 332 ; Darlingt.! jl. Cest. p. 498. S. Ameri-
canus altissimus, &c. Herm. parad. Bat. t. 226 ; Pluk. phyt. t. 112, ƒ. 1.
Cineraria Canadensis, Walt. ? Neocis hieracifolia (& N. rigidula) Cass, in
diet. sci. nat. 34. p. 387.
Moist waste places, Canada ! Saskatchawan ! and throughout the United
States! &c.; particularly abundant in recent clearings, where the wood has
been burnt (whence the popular name of Fire-weed). July-Sept.—A coarse
weed, 1-5 feet high, with the aspect of a Sonchus. Pappus copious and very
white. Corolla 10-nerved.
Div. 2. E use ne ci one j e , DC.—Heads either homogamous and
discoid, or heterogamous and radiate ; the rays pistillate.
162. CACALIA. Linn. (excl. spec.); Schkuhr, handb. t. 236 ; DC. 1. c.
Heads 5-many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales of
the cylindraceous involucre 5-30, in a single series, often with a few bracteoles
at the base. Receptacle flat, not chaffy, sometimes with a conical or scalelike
appendage in the centre. Limb of the corolla expanded, deeply 5-cleft;
the lobes usually furnished with a mid-nerve. Branches of the style tipped
with a very short cone, or obtuse, usually with a ring of minute hairs.
Achenia oblong, glabrous, not rostrate. Pappus of numerous capillary scabrous
bristles.—Perennial herbs, mostly very glabrous; with alternate often
petioled leaves, and corymbose heads. Flowers white, ochroleucous, or rarely
rose-color.
§ 1. Receptacle flat and naked.—Eucacalia, DC.
1. C. suaveolens (Linn.): glabrous; stem striate-angled; leaves triangular
lanceolate, hastate, acute, unequally serrate-toothed; the cauline on winged
petioles: heads in a compound corymb, 25-30-flowered ; scales of the involucre
about 12; bracts several, setaceous-linear, spreading— Lin n .! spec. 2. p.
835; Michx.! fl. 2. p. 96; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 518; Schkuhr, handb. t. 236;
DC. ! 1. c. Senecio suaveolens, Ell. sk. 2. p. 328.
Woods and along streams, Canada? New York (Avon, B. D. Greene!)
and Connecticut, (Milford, Z)r. Robbins!) to Virginia! the western part of
Georgia! Kentucky! and Illinois! Aug.—Oct.—Plant 3-5 feet high.
Radical leaves on long petioles; the large hastate lobes mostly obtuse, often
2-lobed. Branches of the style canaliculate, very obtuse.
§ 2. Receptacle usually furnished with a central conical or scale-like appendage
: involucre b-leaved and b-flowered, naked, or slightly and minutely
bracleolate at the base.—Conophora, DC.
2. C. reniformis (Muhl.): stem sulcate-angled ; leaves petioled, green on
both sides, palmately veined (often slightly hairy on the veins beneath), re-
pandly angulate-toothed; the radical reniform ; the cauline flabelliform, dilated
; the teeth strongly mucronate; corymb compound, fastigiate.—Muhl.!
in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1735; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 518; Nutt. gen. 2. p . 138;
Rich damp woods, Pennsylvania! to North Carolina! along the mountains.
Also in Illinois, Michaux (in a note under the following species), and
Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 4-9 feet high. Leaves ample, dilated
; the radical often 2 feet wide; the margin angulate-iucised and repand-
toothed: the upper cauline either truncate, or more or less cuneate at the
base. Heads 5-flowered, as correctly described in Muhl. fl. Lancast. mss.;
not many-flowered, as stated by Willdenow. Scales of the involucre lanceolate
oblong, obtuse. Receptacle slightly, or not at all produced in the
centre.
3. C. atriplicifolia (Linn.): stem terete, glaucous; leaves petioled, very
glaucous beneath, palmately veined, angulate-lobed or toothed (the teethmu-
cronulate) ; the radical and lower deltoid-cordate or somewhat reniform ; the
upper rhomboid ; the uppermost cuneate at the base; corymb compound,
loose.—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 835 ; Michx. ! JL 2. p. 96 ; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 518 ;
Schkuhr, handb. t. 236 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 310 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 499 ; D C .!
1. c. p. 329. C. Virginiana, &c. Moris, hist. 3. sect. 7. t. 15, ƒ. 7. Senecio
atriplicifoiius, (& /3. reniformis?) Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 332.
Moist woodlands, Upper Canada to Georgia ! and Missouri! July—Sept.—
Stem 3-6 feet high. Radical and lower cauline leaves 4-6 inches long : the
lobes or teeth triangular, mostly acute. Scales of the involucre lanceolate-
oblong, obtuse. Receptacle produced in the centre into a lanceolate somewhat
chaffy appendage, which is usually larger than the achenia, and 2-3-
cleft at the apex, as if composed of as many confluent pale® ; but is often
much shorter, or even inconspicuous.—Indian Plantain.
4. C. diversifolia: stem striate-angled; leaves petioled, green on both
sides, somewhat tripli-nerved, veiny ; the lower ovate, obtuse, slightly cordate,
obtusely angulate-toothed or repand; the upper 3-5-lobed, somewhat
hastate; corymb compound, loose.
River swamps, Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! May.—Plant 2-3 feet
high, not glaucous. Leaves nearly as large as in C. atriplicifolia; the upper
on short but naked petioles ; the lateral lobes lanceolate, acute, entire, or
with one or two teeth. Heads, &c. as in the preceding. Receptacle slightly
produced in the centre.
5. C. ovata (Walt.? Ell.) : stem terete; leaves glaucous beneath, tripli—
quinlupli-nerved and veiny, ovate or oval, obtuse, entire or slightly and
irregularly repand-tootjied; the lower and radical tapering into long, the
upper with short margined petioles; the uppermost sessile; corymb-compound
loose, fastigiate.—(Walt. Car.p. 196?) E ll.! sk. 2. p. 311; DC. 1. c.
Damp woods, western part of Georgia! and Alabama! to Florida! and
Western Louisiana ! July-Aug.—Stem 3-4 feet high, quite terete, slightly
glaucous. Leaves rather veiny than nervose, pale and glaucous beneath ;
the radical (on very long petioles) and lower cauline with the lamina 5-8
inches long; the upper smaller and less petioled. Scales of the involucre
lanceolate-linear, rather obtuse. Receptacle with an obscure central projection,
or none.—Walter’s character “ foliis nervosis utrinque vividibus ” is more
applicable to the following species; to which Elliott, if he had been acquainted
with that plant, would probably have applied the name. Having, however,
been appropriated, (perhaps correctly,) to the present species, it should retain
the name.—Elliott calls the leaves obtuse in the character, but acute in the
detailed description.