224
very numerous recurved racemes; heads small; rays very short; achenia
pubescent.—Linn. hort. Ups. p. 259, 8f spec. 2. p. 878 ; Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1)
3. p. 210; Wild. spec. 3. p. 2055; Pursh, fl. 2.p . 535; E ll.! sk. 2. p. 369 ;
Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 1 (excl. /?.); Darlingt.! fl. Cest.p. 455; DC.!
prodr. 5. p. 330. S. nutans, Desf.! cat.; DC.! 1. c. Virga-Aurea angus-
tifolia, &c. Pluk. aim. t. 236, ƒ. 1.—Varies with the leaves almost smooth
and glabrous (closely approaching S. serotina); and from oblong-lanceolate
to elongated linear-lanceolate (a state of the latter is S. longifolia, Schrad. !
hort. Gcett.,8fin DC.! prodr. l. c.), from very sharply serrate to nearly entire.
(3. intermedia: stem villous or densely cinereous-pubescent; leaves softly
pubescent or tomentose beneath, scabrous above.—S. Canadensis y. Ait. ! 1. c .;
Hook. ! 1. c. S. procera, Desf. cat.; DC. 1. c. (“ Heads much smaller than
in S. Canadensis” ) ; Wild, enum.?
y. procera * stem villous or scabrous-hirsute; leaves tomentose beneath,
scabrous above, elongated lanceolate, sparingly serrate, or the upper entire ;
heads larger, with the rays rather longer.—S. procera, Ait. 1. c .; Ell. ! sk.
2. p. 369.—Varies with the leaves slightly pubescent, except along the nerves,
and the stem scabrous-pubescent, or sometimes glabrous below.
<5. scabra: stem scabrous-hirsute or cinereous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, frequently entire, indistinctly triplinerved, more veiny and pu-
bescent-tomentose or scabrous-pubescent beneath, very scabrous above; heads
and rays as in var. y.—S. scabra, Muhl.! cat., Sy fl. Lancastr. ined. (where
it is well characterized); Willd. spec. 3. p. 2059 (where it is so incorrectly
described that it has not since been recognized); not of DC. !
Borders of thickets, fields, &c., common nearly throughout the United
States! to Subarctic America! (Oregon, Nuttall.) <5. Pennsylvania! to
Georgia! and west to Saskatchawan! Louisiana! and Texas! Aug.-Oct.—
A polymorphous species, distinguished by its small heads, very inconspicuous
rays, and pubescent or scabrous stem and leaves. Our var. 0. passes into the
succeeding form, from which it is only to be distinguished by the somewhat
larger heads: the latter is scarcely distinguishable from S. scabra,
Muhl.; which has shorter and usually broader leaves, often indistinctly triplinerved
but somewhat rugosely veined.—This species appears to have been
a long time cultivated in many European gardens, under the name of
S. altissima.
65. S. serotina (Ait.): stem very smooth, often glaucous; leaves lanceolate,
acuminate, serrate, glabrous except the veins beneath, the margins and
usually the upper surface scabrous; panicle pyramidal, of numerous recurved
racemes ; peduncles roughish-pubescent; rays short; achenia at length
nearly glabrous.—Ait. Kew. fd,. 1) 3. p. 211; Muhl.! herb.; Hook. ! I. c.
partly. S. gigantea, Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 455.
Borders of thickets and low grounds, Canada! and nearly throughout the
United States! (Oregon, Nuttall.) Aug.-Oct.—Distinguished by its smooth
and stout stem (4-8 feet high), while the leaves are more or less pubescent
along the ribs beneath, with the.upper surface scabrous, at least towards the
margins. The leaves are usually less attenuate at the base than in S. gigantea,
which some states very closely approach; and the heads and rays are
commonly intermediate in size between that species and S. Canadensis.
Achenia pubescent when young.
66. £. gigantea (Ait.): stem stout, smooth and often glaucous; leaves
smooth and glabrous both sides, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, densely
scabrous-ciliolate, very sharply serrate, except the narrowed base ; panicle
pyramidal, of numerous recurved racemes; peduncles pubescent or villous;
(heads large for this subdivision) rays exserted; achenia pubescent.—A it.!
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 211; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 2 ; DC.! prodr. 5. p.
331. S. serotina, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2056.—Varies, with the leaves broadly,
or narrowly lanceolate (the latter S. glabra, Desf.! cat.; D C .. 1. c.), very
coarsely, or finely and sparsely serrate (the latter S. serotina, Hook. , i. c.
as to spec, from Oregon, Sec.), sometimes with the lateral nerves less distinct
(S. gigantea, Willd.'! 1. c .); the panicle large and crowded, or sometimes
loose and elongated. ,
13. leaves varying from lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, narrowed at the base;
the lateral nerves often indistinct; panicle dense, thyreoid or fastigiate. S.
gigantea f Hook. ! 1. c. S. Pitched, Nutt. ! in jour. aiad. Philad. 7. p.
101, Sc in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
Fields and borders of thickets, Canada ! and Saskatchawan! to Alabama,
and west to Oregon! Common in the Northern and AVestern States, p.
Arkansas, (Dr.Pitcher!) Kentucky! &c., to Saskatchawan! and Oregon.
Aug.-Sept.—Distinguished by its perfectly smooth leaves as well as stem,
(the latter 3 to 7 feet high), and larger heads with more conspicuous rays
67. S. rupestris (Raf.): stem slender, often loosely branched above,
smooth, the branches and peduncles pubescent; leaves smooth and glabrous,
linear-lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, entire or sparsely serrulate; panicle
virgate ; heads small; rays very short; achenia pubescent.—R a f.! ann.
nat. (1820) p. 14.
Cliffs of Kentucky River, Rafinesque ! Dr. Short! and apparently common
in Kentucky! Indiana! See. Aug.-Sept— Smooth like S. gigantea,
with the small heads and inconspicuous rays of S. Canadensis ; remarkable
for its nearly entire narrow leaves, somewhat resembling those of S. odora,
but triplinerved (the nerves whitish), and for the slender and often simple
racemose panicles which terminate'the stem or loose branches. Stem 2—3
feet high.
§ 3. Frutescent, branched, somewhat glutinous: leaves obscurely triplinerved,
veinless, entire: heads corymbose-paniculate: involucre as in § Virgaurea,
few- (4-7-) flowered: rays 1 -3 .—C hrysoma, Nutt, {in jour. acad. Pliilad.,
Sc trans. Amer. phil. soc. excl. spec. 2 & 3.)
A specimen of a plant very nearly allied to the following, from the Bahama
Islands, exists in Sir William Hooker’s herbarium, chiefly differing in its smaller
and mostly 4-flowered heads, short rays, and more evidently triplinerved leaves,
which do not exhibit the beautiful reticulated structure of that species: it is very
probably the S. Domingensis, Sprmg. This section is allied to the Maritime on
the one hand, (and is composed of sea-side plants'?) and to Euthamia on the other.
68. S. pauciflosculosa (Michx.): glabrous or glaucous, the paniculate
branchlets somewhat viscid; leaves thick, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear,
obtuse, entire, narrowed at the base, sessile; branches of the compound panicle
erect; scales of the 5-7-flowered involucre narrowly oblong, carinate ;
rays large ; achenia silky-villous.—Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 116. Chrysoma solida-
ginoides, Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 67.
In sand on the coast of Carolina (Michaux!) Georgia, Mr. Croom!
Florida, Mr. Ware! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Ingalls! Dr. Chapman! and
Alabama, Mr. A. Bigelow!—Stems woody, much branched, 1-3 feet high.
Leaves 1-2 inches long, 1-nerved, or often obscurely triplinerved, veinless,
appearing reticulate-punctate, or rather cancellate, by transmitted light.
Heads rather large, somewhat clustered. Rays large, deep yellow. Pappus
unequal, turning somewhat brownish.—This remarkable plant was doubtless
unknown to Pursh, who has probably at a mere venture given it as a
native of Virginia.
vol. i i .—29