* * * * * Scales of the somewhat hemispherical involucre closely imbricated in 3-4 unequal
series, shorter than the disk, oblong, obtuse; the exterior somewhat carinate, passing
into subulate bracts; the interior with broad membranaceous margins: alveoli of
the receptacle entire: appendages of the style lanceolate: achenia oblong, very glabrous
: pappus copious, as long as the corolla, unequal; the longer bristles davellate-
thickened at the apex: stems simple: leaves linear-lanceolate, rigid, scabrous; heads
(rather small) corymbose. (Species of Heleastrum, DC.)
117. A. ptarmicoides: stems several from a somewhat woody rhizoma,
scabrous above; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat shining, smooth
or scabrous, with very scabrous margins, entire ; the lower elongated, often
slightly and remotely toothed, tapering to the base or somewhat petioled;
corymb fastigiate, simple or compound; scales of the involucre rather obtuse;
rays 12-18, linear-oblong, short.—Chrysopsis alba,N u tt.l gen. 2. p. 152.
Dmlhngeria ptarmicoides, Nees, Ast. p . 183. Diplopappus albus, HooJc.!
ft. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 21; Gray ! in ann. lyc. New York, 3. p. 226. D. ptarmicoides,
L in d l.! in herb. Torr., 8fc. Heleastrum album, DC. prodr. 5.
p . 264, excl. syn. Aster albus, Willd. 1 Eucephalus albus, Nutt.! in trans.
Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p . 299.
P- heads few or solitary. (Lindl. ! in DC. 1. c.)
. 7• leaves nearly all furnished with 3 or 4 sharp spreading teeth on each
side; stem very scabrous above ; inner scales of the involucre rather broader.—
Heleastrum album y. DC. 1. c. (Lindl.!)
Dry soil, or rocky banks of streams, from the Missouri, near Fort Man-
dan ! to Saskatchawan ! Lake Superior! Wisconsin! Michigan! Upper
Canada along the Great Lakes! to the banks of Black River, Jefferson
County, New York! and Pownal, Vermont, Mr. Bobbins !—July-Sept.—
Stems 6-18 inches high, rigid, leafy, scabrous, especially above, with a minute
somewhat strigose pubescence. Leaves rigid, with serrulate-scabrous margins,
or often sparsely ciliate towards the base, with a strong midrib and two
more or less distinct lateral nerves, anastomozing towards the summit; the
radical and lowermost 3 to 6 inches long, 3—4 lines wide, linear-lanceolate,
or oblanceolate, tapering gradually into a more or less distinct petiole ; the
upper successively shorter and less narrowed at the base; those of the
branches scattered, linear-subulate. Corymb spreading. Involucre nearly
glabrous, greenish ; the outermost scales somewhat lanceolate-subulate; the
inner more membranaceous, narrowly oblong, slightly ciliate, shorter than
the disk. Rays pure white. Pappus soft, white.—It is not probable that
this is the Aster albus, Willd. herb. Sf Spreng., a species of unknown origin,
which is said to have oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse and nerveless leaves,
leafy branches, and elongated rays.—This plant has little agreement with
De Candolle’s Heleastrum paludosum, besides the clavellate pappus; a
character which equally exists in some other divisions of Aster, in a few species
of Galatella, &c.
118. A. lutescens: pubescent-scabrous throughout; leaves lanceolate, acute,
scarcely nerved ; the lower elongated and tapering into a petiole, somewhat
serrulate; the upper short, oblong-linear; corymb simple or rather compound
; scales of the involucre oval or oblong, very obtuse, minutely pubescent
; rays ochroleucous ?—Diplopappus lutescens, Lindl. ! in DC. prodr.
5. p . 278. D. albus p. lutescens, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 21.
Saskatchawan, on dry elevated grounds of the Assiniboin River, Douglas !
—-Plant with the habit of the preceding (a foot high), everywhere covered
with a similar, but denser, rough pubescence. Lower leaves 5-6 inches long,
5 lines wide ; both surfaces scabrous-pubescent, and not shining : the upper
cauline an inch or less in length, and broader in proportion. The involucre
is as long as the disk (but the flowers are not fully developed, so that this
character may not be relied upon), and the scales are broader than in the
preceding. Mr. Douglas has labelled his specimens, “ flower yellow” , but
the rays appear to have been at most only ochroleucous. If this be the case,
it is doubtless a distinct species ; if not, it may prove to be only a variety of
the preceding, as Hooker supposes.
§ 6. Scales of the involucre imbricated in few—several series, membranaceous
or chartaceous with scarious margins, destitute of herbaceous tips, usually
very acute j the exterior shorter and passing into scale-like bracts : receptacle
somewhat alveolate: rays numerous (rarely even in a double series): appendages
of the style subulate from a broad base, or triangular, acute:
bristles of the pappus soft and capillary, nearly equal: achenia compressed,
often striate: annual or perennial, mostly glabrous, and natives of salt
marshes: leaves thickish or succulent, narrow, usually entire.—Ox y t r ipo -
lium, DC., under Tripolium. (Tripolium (‘ or perhaps sect, of Aster,’)
§ Astropolium, Nutt.)
* Scales of the involucre regutarrly and closely vmbrbcaied in rmmerous series: rays ex-
serted, in a single series (heads large): perermial.
119. A. Chapmcmii: y e ry glabrous ; stems simple of branched at the
base, long and slender, strict, somewhat corymbose at the summit; the filiform
branches terminated by single (large) heads ; leaves numerous, linear-
subulate, Oppressed, those of the branches reduced to subulate bracts; scales
of the broadly obconical involucre closely and regularly imbricated in 5 or 6
series, slightly pubescent, ovateroblong, acute or acuminate, the exterior
successively shorter; rays elongated; achenia oblong, compressed, very
glabrous.
In swamps, Middle Florida, Dr. A. W. Chapman!— Stems 2 feet or more
in height, virgate, not in the least flexuous, striate with lines produced from
the midrib of the leavSs. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long; the cauline about
a line wide at the appressed base, tapering to the subulate, apex, successively
reduced upwards to half an inch or less in length, rather rigid, but not fleshy,
smooth on the margins; the uppermost sometimes ciliate. Heads as large
as in A. flexuosus; the scales of the involucre broader (the -exterior triangu-
lar-ovatp), brownish, with a very narrow but distinct and abrupt scarious
margin. Rays 20 or more, large (three-fourths of an inch long), apparently
bluish-purple. Corolla of the disk sparsely pubescent below with minute
jointed flairs. Appendages of the style ovate-triangular, acute, flat, as long
as the oblong stigmatic portion. Pappus capillary, nearly in a single series,
as long as the corolla of the disk. Alveoli of the receptacle toothed.—A very
remarkable species.
120. A. flexuosus (Nutt.): very smooth and glabrous; stem flexuous,
dichotomous; the branches-mostly terminated by (large) solitary heads;
leaves linear-subulate, thick and fleshy ; the lower linear-lanceolate, acute,,
tapering to the base ; those of the branchlets reduced to subulate-acuminate
scale-like bracts; scales of the obovate involucre lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
subulate-acuminate, unequal, imbricated in several series ; rays numerous,
rather short; achenia slender, sparsely pubescent, strongly 5-striate.—
Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 154 ; E ll.! sk. 2. p. 343. A. sparsiflorus, Pursh! fl. 2.
p. 547, not of Michx. A. Tripolium ? Walt. Car. p. 154. Tripolium flore
unico, caulem terminante, &c. Clayt.! fl. Virg. ed. 1. p. 99. T. flexuosum,
Nees, Ast. p. 155 ; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 254.
Salt marshes, Massachusetts! and Connecticut! to Georgia ! and Florida!
VOL. II.—21