naked or with a few linear bracts; rays twice the length of the involucre ;
achenia hirsute; pappus hispid-scabrous, as long as the corolla of the disk.—
Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 535 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 17 (vars. fi. & y. ) ; Nutt. !
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 32, Sf in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c .; DC.
prodr. 5. p. 288. Cineraria Lewisii, Richards.! appx. Frankl. jour. ed.
2. p . 32.
fi. smaller; leaves 3-parted; the segments very short, 3-lobed.—E. com-
positum, Hook, in Linn, trans. 14. p. 374, t. 13.
Interior of Oregon, on the banks of the Kooskoosky! Flat Head River !
&c., and on the Rocky Mountains ! Also east of the mountains between lat.
64°, and the Arctic Sea, Richardson ! fi. Arctic coast and islands ! June-
July.—Scapes 2-6 inches high, often leafy near the base. Head large ; the
rays white or pale pink. Bristles of the pappus about 15, with a few minute
interposed setae.
4. E . trijidum (Hook.): hirsute ; leaves on long petioles, 3-cleft; the segments
short, entire, or the lateral often 2-lobed; scapes nearly naked; rays
twice the length of the very hirsute involucre; achenia minutely hairy;
pappus hispid-scabrous, as long as the corolla of the disk.—Hook.! Jl. Bor.-
Am. 2. p . 17, t. 120.
Rocky Mountains, Drummond! — Resembles the preceding; the heads
about the same size. Leaves slightly fleshy.
5. E . pedatum (Nutt.): somewhat glabrous; leaves on slender sparsely
ciliate-hispid petioles, 3-parted; the segments linear, obtuse, entire, or the
lateral 2-lobed or toothed; scapes naked; rays longer than the scarcely
hirsute involucre; achenia minutely hirsute; pappus hispid-scabrous.—
Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 308.
Oregon, on the gravel bars of small streams to the east of Walla-wallah,
Nuttall!—Resembles E. trifidum; but the leaves are glabrous, except the
strongly ciliate petioles, and the lobes more slender; the heads are scarcely
half the size, and the involucre somewhat glabrous. Scapes glabrous, 2-3
inches high. Rays ‘ pale rose-color,’ nearly in a single series.
6. E . radicatum (Hook.): minutely hirsute and somewhat canescent;
leaves linear-spatulate, entire, rather thick or fleshy; scapes with one or two
small leaves; rays not twice the length of the tomentose or hirsute involucre;
achenia minutely ha iry ; bristles of the pappus few, scabrous, shorter than
the corolla.—Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 17, t. 122 : Nutt. ! in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. 1. c.
Near Jasper’s Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! and in the
Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nuttall!—Leaves nearly sessile, glabrous when
old, less than an inch long, clustered. Scapes 2 or 3 inches high. Heads
smaller than in E. uniflorum; the rays spreading, white.
8. E . nanum (Nutt.): canescently hirsute; leaves narrowly linear, and
slightly spatulate, scarcely obtuse; scapes naked above; rays scarcely twice
the length of the hirsute-pubescent involucre! achenia minutely hairy;
pappus about the length of the corolla, hispid-scabrous.—Nutt.! in trans.
Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 308.
Rocky Mountains, in about lat. 42°, Nuttall !—Leaves in a dense cluster,
1-2 inches long, scarcely half a line wide, somewhat petioled. Scapes 2-4
inches long, tomentose-pubescent.—“ Resembles the preceding; but has
hirsute leaves, and a different achenium and pappus.” Nutt.
8. E . lanatum (Hook.) : very woolly; leaves spatulate, petioled, entire,
the lowermost often 3-lobed or toothed at the apex; scapes mostly leafless;
the upper portion and the involucre extremely woolly; rays elongated;
achenia glabrous; pappus hispid-scabrous, as long as the corolla of the disk.
__Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p . 1 7 ,1.121; DC. prodr. 7. (mant.) p. 275.
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, between lat. 52° and 56°, Drummond!
—Scapes about 3 inches high. Head much larger than in E. uniflorum;
the rays white or rarely tinged with purple.
* * Somewhat ccespitose (subafpine) species: stems mostly short, leafy, hearing one or
few heads: leaves entire: the inner series o f pistillate flowers often filiform-tubular,
tmmcate. (Trimorphasa, Cass.)
9. E . uniflorum (Linn.): stem short, bearing a single head; leaves hirsute
; the cauline lanceolate or linear; the radical ones spatulate and becoming
somewhat glabrous; pistillate flowers nearly all ligulate; the rays
somewhat erect, scarcely twice the length of the very woolly involucre.—
Linn.! spec. 2. p. 864, Sffl. Lapp. t. 9, ƒ. 3; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am'. 2. p.
17. E. alpinum, Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 532. E. alpinum y. DC. ! prodr. 5. p.
290. E. pulchellum fi. Unalaschkense, DC. 1. c. p. 287. E. humile,
Graham, in Edinh. phil. jour. 1828. p. 175 ?
Arctic shore and islands from Greenland to Behring’s Straits and Una-
laschka ! Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! Labrador {—The
involucre and its dense woolly covering are usually purple in the American
specimens, as they frequently are in the European. There are minute
slightly squamellate setae mixed with the longer bristles of the pappus,
which are sometimes so copious as to form an indistinct outer series, in this
species, and also in E. alpinum and E. grandiflorum.
10. E . grandiflorum (Hook.): very hirsute; caudex thick; stems short,
bearing a single head; radical leaves oblong-spatulate; the cauline oval-
lanceolate ; pistillate flowers all ligulate; the«rays spreading, twice the
length of the very densely woolly involucre.—Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p.
18, t. 123.
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond!—Stems 4-6 inches high.
Heads very large for the size of the plant. Scales of the involucre with purplish
and naked tips ; the woolly covering white. Rays white or purple.—
Can this also be the E. grandiflorum of Hoppe ]
11. E . alpinum (Linn.): somewhat hirsute; stem somewhat elongated,
bearing one or few heads ; leaves lanceolate ; the radical ones' spatulate, tapering
into a petiole ; the inner pistillate flowers numerous, tubular-filiform,
truncate; the rays spreading, twice the length of the hirsute involucre; pappus
of the disk as long as the corolla.—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 864 ; Engl. hot.
t. 464 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 18 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 291. (a.)
fi. leaves narrower ; branches elongated. Hook. ! £ c.
y. tall (about a foot high); heads several. Hook. ! 1. c.
Rocky Mountains, Drummond !—Rays purple. Apparently a very rare
species in this country.—The exterior pappus, if it may so be called, in this
species was observed by Cassini {Diet. sci. nat. 37, p. 485), who therefore
referred it to his genus Stenactis.
12. E. glabratum (Hoppe): almost glabrous; stem tall, simple; radical
leaves spatulate ; the cauline linear-lanceolate; raceme terminal, many-
flowered ; peduncles elongated, scarcely corymbose, simple or branched;
scales of the small involucre very narrow [pistillate flowers mostly or wholly
ligulate]; rays inconspicuous, immersed in the copious pappus. Hook.—
“ Hoppe Sf Hornsch. cent.; Bl. & Fing. comp. fl. Germ. 2. p. 364” ; Koch,
fl. Germ. &f Helv. p. 354; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 18. E. alpinum fi.
ramosum, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p. 207. E. alpinum fi. DC. 1. c. E. racemo-
sum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 312.
fi. peduncles contracted.—E. racemosum fi. angustifolium, Nutt-! 1. c.
Hudson’s Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and from Saskatchawan to Fort
vox.. H.-22