31. S. Riddellii (Frank): stem stout, glabrous, corymbose at the summit,
the branches and pedicels pulverulent-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, elongated,
acute, entire, glabrous, with scabrous margins, obscurely nerved; the
radical on long carinate petioles; the cauline partly clasping or sheathing,
carinate-conduplicate, mostly arcuate; heads (middle-sized) very numerous,
clustered, forming a compound fastigiate corymb, 20-24-flowered.—Frank !
in Riddell, synops. 1. c. S. Mexicana /3. floribus lato-corymbosis, Hook. !
compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 97.
"Wet and grassy prairies, Ohio, Hr. Riddell! Mr. Van Cleve! Hr. Pad-
dock ! Mr. L e a ! St. Louis, Missouri, Hrummond! Hr. Engelmann!
and on St. Peter’s River, Mr. Nicollet! Wisconsin, Mr.Lapham! Sept.-
Oct.—Stem about 2 feet high, very leafy to the summit. Leaves with a rather
strong midrib, and 1 to 3 more or less distinct parallel nerves, forming
numerous reticulations with the minute and close veinlets, thin but rather
firm in texture; the radical a foot or more in length, including the elongated
petioles, into which the limb (6-9 lines wide in the middle) is gradually attenuated,
often falcate; the cauline 4-8 inches long, about half an inch
wide, erect, appressed and partly sheathing at the base, above arcuate-spreading
or recurved. Heads rather larger than in the preceding, much crowded
on the branches of the large compound corymb, usually on short pubescent
pedicels. Scales of the involucre narrowly oblong, 1-nerved, nearly glabrous.
Rays 7-9, small and narrow. Achenia glabrous, or slightly and
sparsely pubescent under a lens.—A beautiful and very distinct species, allied
to the preceding.
t t t Scales of the involucre obtuse: achenia glabrous: leaves nerved: rays 2-3.
32. S- nitida: stem strict, very smooth below, fastigiate-corymbose at the
summit; the branches and pedicels scabrous-pubescent; leaves rigid, very
smooth and shining, nerved, lanceolate or linear, entire, acute, the margins
ciliolate-scabrous towards the apex ; the radical and lowest cauline tapering
into short petioles; the others sessile ; heads (middle-sized) in loose fastigiate
corymbs, about 14-flowered.
Dry pine woods &e., Western Louisiana, Hr. Leavenworth! Hr. Hale!
and Texas, Hrummond! Hr. Leavenworth / Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-3 feet
high, slender or rather stout, simple, and terminated by a single fastigiate
corymb, or somewhat branched near the summit; the branches rigid, erect,
fastigiate, clothed with a short rough pubescence. Leaves varying from linear
to rather broadly lanceolate, coriaceous, both surfaces very smooth and
shining (the margins also smooth towards the base), rarely with one or two
obscure serratures near the apex, furnished with 1 to 3 nerves or parallel
veins on each side of the rather strong midrib; the radical and lowest cauline
4-8 inches long, 3-5 lines wide; the upper gradually reduced in size, numerous,
spreading, sessile, but mostly narrowed at the base. Scales of the involucre
nearly glabrous, oval, very obtuse. Rays 2-3, large. Achenia
perfectly glabrous.—The leaves vary in width in different specimens from
2-3 lines to three-fourths of an inch. The plant exudes small quantities of
resin when wounded.
33. S. pumila: stems several from a woody caudex, scarcely longer than
the radical leaves, simple, angular ; leaves rigid, lanceolate, entire, tapering
to each end, mucronate-acute, smooth, somewhat glutinous, strongly 3-nerved;
the radical petioled; heads (large for the size of the plant) in sessile clusters
of 3-4 together, disposed in a small corymb ; scales of the somewhat viscid
and cylindrical involucre oval or oblong, carinate ; rays 2-3, short; the disk-
flowers about the same number.—Chrysoma pumila, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p . 325.
Open situations, on shelving rocks towards the western declivity of the
Rocky Mountains [about lat. 41°], Nuttall!—Plant about a span high, ir
clusters from the same root. Leaves (persistent?) with somewhat scabrous
margins, slightly veiny between the ribs. Scales of the involucre with sca-
rious margins, obscurely mucronate.
* * * * Natives of brackish swamps: racemes erect or spreading, paniculate: leaves
thickish or fleshy, very smooth and entire, obscurely veiny, often somewhat iriplinerved.
—Maritime.
' 34. S. Mexicana (Linn.): stem oblique, glabrous; leaves lanceolate,
somewhat fleshy, very entire, smooth throughout; racemes paniculate, erect;
peduncles squamose, glabrous; rays elongated, Ait.—Linn.! hort. Cliff, p.
409, m spec. 2. p. 879 ; Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 215 ; excl. syn. Tourn.
Pluk. 8f Hodart., fide Swartz, ohs. p. 306 ; H. B. K. ! nov. gen. „\; spec.
4. p. 104. S. limonifolia, Pers. syn. 2. p. 449, at least as to the character.
Described from specimens introduced into European gardens more than
two hundred years ago, at first of reputed Mexican origin; but afterwards
supposed to be a native of this country and not of Mexico; whence Persoon
changed the name, and succeeding botanists have partially confounded it
with the following species. It was most probably derived either from Mexico
or the West Indies; since we have seen no native specimens of the United
States which accord with the Linnsean plant, while the species of Humboldt
does so : it is moreover given as a West Indian species by Swartz, who, by
excluding the synonyms adduced by Linnteus, appears to have been aware
that his plant was distinct from the more northern one; and in the Hortus
Kewensis (where the plant is well characterized), a reference is made to the
manuscripts of Sir Hans Sloane.—The heads are in small corymbose panicles,
crowded at the summit of the stem, and in the axils of the obtuse upper
leaves; the peduncles leafy; the pedicels with numerous subulate bracts,
passing into the scales of the involucre, which are more pointed than in
5. sempervirens. It should probably be excluded from the flora of extra-
tropical North America; unless, indeed, the variety of S. limonifolia mentioned
by Nuttall {trans. Amer. phil. soc. {n . ser.) 7. p. 328), as a native of
the Californian coast, near St. Barbara, should be found to belong to this
species.
35. S. sempervirens (Linn.): stem erect, glabrous; leaves fleshy, lanceolate,
entire, acute, sessile, slightly clasping, obscurely triplinerved; the radical
lanceolate-oblong, on elongated petioles; racemes paniculate (simple or
compound), more or less secund and spreading; peduncles pubescent or
nearly glabrous.—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 878 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 538 ; E ll.! sk.
2. p. 379 ; HC. ! prodr. 5. p. 335. S. Noveboracensis & S. carnosa, Mill,
diet. Virga-Aurea seu Solidago procerior, &c. Pluk. aim. t. 235, ƒ. 5 ?
/3. leaves thick and fleshy ; racemes short, in a contracted panicle, more
or less secund or turned to one side.—Yirga-Aurea limoniifolio, &c. Tourn.
inst. p. 404 ? Pluk. aim. t. 235, ƒ. 2 ? Solidago laevigata, Ait. ! Kew. {ed.
1) 3. p. 215; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 541 ; HC. 1. c. S. limonifolia, Pers.? and
of authors.
y. leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, very acute, thickish;
racemes erect, in a pyramidal rather strict panicle.—S. sempervirens,
A it.! 1. c.
6. leaves scarcely, or not at all fleshy, elongated lanceolate, tapering to
each end, very acute; racemes short, mostly secund, in a close erect or somewhat
decurved panicle.—S. viminea, A it.! Kew. 1. c. p. 215. S. integer-
rima, Mill, diet., ex. A it. ' ,
In salt or brackish marshes along the coast of the United States ! to Massachusetts!
and Canada. Sept.-Oct.—Stem stout, 3-8 feet high. Margin