Rocky Mountains (lat. 54°-56° ?), Drummond /—A plant with large
heads, mostly solitary on the erect and simple often leafless branches; and
ample scattered leaves; the radical ones, including the elongated petioles,
sometimes nearly a foot in length. Achenia slightly pubescent. Dr. Lindley
compares it with A. brumalis.
59. A . Douglasii (Lindl.): stem glabrous, racemose-compound; the (fewleaved)
branches loosely paniculate-corymbose, bearing few (rather large)
heads; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, mostly somewhat narrowed at the
base, glabrous, nearly all serrate; scales of the hemispherical involucre
broadly linear (or the exterior spatulate-linear), acute, loosely imbricated
somewhat in 3 series, rather unequal, with spreading herbaceous summits;
rays rather large— Lin d l.! in Hook. jl. Bor.-Am.. 2. p. 11, S? in DC. prodr.
5. p. 239 ;N u tt.! in trans. Arner. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 293.
Oregon, in low soils; common along the large rivers near the coast, Douglas!
Dr. Scouler! JSuttall! Aug.-Sept.—Varies; with shorter branches
and more numerous smaller heads; and with more slender and naked
branches, bearing fewer and larger heads {Lindl.); and specimens collected
by Mr. Nuttall have shorter and broader leaves, with rather strongly ciliolate-
scabrous margins. Dr. Lindley considers it allied to A. eminens, which it
resembles in foliage; and Mr. Nuttall compares it with A. Novi-Belgii,
which it nearly approaches in the involucre and flowers.—The pappus turns
brownish.
60. A . laxifolius (Nees): stem scabrous, racemose-compound, narrow;
the branches racemose at the summit or slightly compound; leaves narrowly
lanceolate (or lanceolate-linear), mucronately serrulate, attenuate to each
end, clasping, flaccid, scabrous above ; scales of the involucre linear, squar-
rose ; those of the terminal heads nearly equal. Nees, Ast. p. 69.. A. longi-
folius, Nees, synops. p. 26, and of the Leyden Garden; not of Lam.
/3.1 borealis: stem strict, smooth and glabrous, or pubescent towards the
summit; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, elongated, with very scabrous
sparingly serrulate or often entire margins; the upper surface slightly scabrous
; heads solitary or few and mostly somewhat corymbose on the strict
(often very short) branches ; involucre about the length of the disk; the
scales in 2-3 series, somewhat equal, lax, the summits more or less spreading
or squarrose when old.—A. laxifolius {a. & /?.), Lin d l.! in Hook. Jl. BorT-
Am. 2. p. 10, Sf in DC. prodr. 5. p. 236, (excl. y. carneus.) A. salicifolius,
Richards. ! appx. Franlcl. joum. ed. 1 . p. 748, not of Ait. ?— Varies; with
the leaves serrulate and entire; the stem with single or few heads, corymbose
or racemose-compound; the pappus turns brownish. Lindl. in DC.__
Varies also (if we mistake not,) with the upper leaves rather shorter; the
heads somewhat crowded on the branches ; the scales of the involucre (except
in the primary heads) more unequal and appressed; verging towards
A. carneus. (A. strictus (3. angustifolius, Lin d l.! in Hook. 1. c. Saskatcha-
wan, Drummond! not Arctic America.) A state with rigid leaves, the upper
ones longer than the simply racemose heads, is A. sestivus, Lindl. ! in
herb. Torr.
y.1 lestijlorus: stem slender, mostly scabrous, racemosely branched; the
long and almost filiform branches spreading ; leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate
linear, elongated, acute, rather rigid, scabrous above; the margins
remotely serrulate or often entire, very scabrous; heads loosely racemose
or somewhat paniculate at the extremity of the branches, on slender peduncles
or nearly naked branchlets; scales of the involucre unequal, with somewhat
spreading tips.
North America (cultivated in the Leyden Garden), Nees. [3. Canada
{Mrs. Percival!). Lake Huron {Dr. Pitcher!), and Saskatchawan ! to Arctic
America ! and west to the Rocky Mountains ! and the interior of Oregon!
y. Milwaukie, Wisconsin, Dr. Lapham ! Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant!
Sept.-Oct.—We refer the A. salicifolius of Richardson to A. laxifolius, on
the authority of Dr. Lindley, who is probably acquainted with the plant of
Nees, whose specific phrase we have copied. But we must remark, that
our specimens do not well accord with the description of that species, which
is said to differ from A. vimineus, Nees, “ by its minutely and remotely
serrulate leaves, 5-7 inches long and 4-5 lines broad; by its narrower (flesh-
colored) rays about half the size; and its earlier florescence” ; and the stem
is said to be “ hinc inde setulis inspersus.” A specimen from Philadelphia,
mentioned by Hooker, accords with the character in the latter respect; but
we are confident this is a fragment of A. puniceus y. vimineus. Our var.
13. ? (which abounds in, and is nearly confined to the northern regions, and
may therefore bear the name of A. borealis if it should prove to be distinct,)
is a slender plant, from 1 to 3 feet high; the long and narrow leaves of nearly
the same breadth throughout, and except the lowermost, not at all attenuate
towards the base, but with a broad partly clasping insertion. The heads are
nearly as large as in A. puniceus; the rays numerous and long (the ligule
fully the ' length of the involucre), apparently violet-blue; the achenia in
some specimens rather" densely, in others sparingly appressed-pubescent.—
The var. y., which is probably not specifically distinct from the preceding,
is a very graceful plant, apparently of considerable size, with long and
slender lax branches, and the heads loosely disposed at their extremities.
The cauline leaves are 4 or 5 inches long,- and about 4 lines wide ; those of
the branches perhaps broadest at the partly clasping base. Heads fully as
large as in the preceding form; the scales of the involucre narrowly linear,
in about 3 unequal series, loose, but not inclined to become squarrose. Rays
numerous, long, showy, apparently pale violet or purple ; the disk turning
purplish. Achenia minutely puberulent.—The A. tbyrsiflorus of the European
gardens may have been derived from this species.
t t Scales of the involucre loose, narrow, acute, often recurved or spreading.
61. A. longifolius (Lam.): glabrous ; stem smooth or sometimes scabrous
below, paniculately branched ; the (middle-sized) heads loosely corymbose-
paniculate ; leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, elongated,
somewhat clasping, attenuate-acuminate, the lower mostly serrate in the
middle with scattered and spreading sharp teeth, smooth beneath; the upper
surface broadly scabrous towards the margins ; scales of the broadly turbinate
involucre narrowly linear, acute, nearly equal, with the summits
spreading or often recurved; rays numerous.—Lam. diet. 1. p. 306, fide
DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 239. A. eminens, Willd. enum. 2. p. 886; Nees, Ast. p.
87. A. junceus, Ait. Kew. {ed. 1) 3. p. 204, fide Nees, DC. Sfc. A. lasvi-
gatus, Pursh,jl. 2. p. 553 1 (ex Nees. Sf DC.)
/3. stem stout, scabrous below (roughened with minute sharp points) ;
leaves mostly entire ; the lower elongated-lanceolate ; those of the branches
oblong-lanceolate, short; scales of the involucre more or less unequal, with
shorter and less spreading summits. ,
‘ Swampy places from New York to Carolina,’ Nees, DC. (derived partly
from the habitats cited by Pursh under A. junceus, lsevigatus, &c.) Southern
States, Le Conte ! ft. In the Southern States 7 Le Conte! Sept.-Oct.—
We have never met with the native plant, except in the herbarium of Major
Le Conte, whose specimens very well agree with cultivated forms. The
latter are subject to considerable variation, and six varieties are characterized
by Nees and De Candolle. To one of these, (A. eminens e. lasvigatus, Nees,
l. c., or A. longifolius e. lasvigatus, DC. 1. c.) Nees adduces the synonym, A.
mutabilis, Ait. and A. lasvigatus, Pursh: this is said to be a tall plant (5-6
feet high); with the oblong-lanceolate leaves smooth, the margins only
scabrous, rigid, bright green and lucid: perhaps our var. ft. does not mate