which has remarkably narrow leaves, passes into the ordinary state, from
which C. Boscii, DC. is in noway distinguishable. The var. y. is a singular
and probably local form.—The leaves in this and the preceding genera
are exceedingly variable in their outline, division, &c., upon which no
dependence can be placed for specific characters.
181. SCORZONELLA. Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 p. 426.
Head many-flowered. Scales of the cylindraceous-ovoid involucre imbricated
in 3—4 series, ovate, conspicuously acuminate, membranaceo-charta-
ceous, nearly as long as the corolla. Receptacle flatfish, alveolate. Achenia
short, somewhat quadrangular, not attenuate at the apex, many- (10-14-)
striate, smooth, obscurely pubescent or glabrous. Pappus of 10 (or rarely
fewer) very small and coriaceous ovate chaffy scales, somewhat in two series,
which are entire or obscurely denticulate at the apex, each tipped with
a very long and capillary scabrous awn.—Perennial nearly glabrous herbs
(natives of Oregon); with the habit of Scorzonera : the stems several from
the same fusiform or tuberous root, sheathed below the membranous dilated
bases of the (usually laciniately pinnately parted) leaves, simple or sparingly
branched, naked above, and terminated by solitary heads. Corolla
yellow.
The scales of the pappus are certainly distinct, not united at the base into a cup, as
described by Nuttall.
1 . S. laciniata (Nutt.! 1. c .): slightly puberulent; leaves pinnately parted :
the segments long and slender, linear-subfiliform; scales of the involucre imbricated
in 3-4 series, all acuminated from a broad base; scales of the pappus
ovate.—Hymenonema? laciniatum, Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 301.
Plains of the Oregon, from the Rocky Mountains to the ocean, Douglas!
&c. Near the mouth of the Wahlamet, Nuttall!—A foot high: the long
naked peduncles fistulous. Flowers bright sulphur-yellow. The inconspicuous
squamellate portion of the pappus several times shorter than the ache-
nium; the bristles about twice the length of the achenium.
2. jS. leptosepala (Nutt. 1. c .): leaves pinnately parted; scales of the involucre
in two series; the exterior about 5, ovate; the inner 8, lanceolate,
acuminate ; scales of the pappus oblong-lanceolate.
With the preceding, and scarcely distinguishable from it, except by the involucre,
Nuttall.—This is entirely unknown to us.
3. S. glauca (Nutt. 1. c .): leaves linear-acuminate, canaliculate, glaucous.
—Hymenonema ? glaucum, Hook. 1. c.
Oregon, at Fort Vancouver, Mr. Garry, ex Hook.—This is a doubtful
plant, only known by the brief character given by Hooker.
182. CALAIS. DC. prodr. 7. p . 85. (excl. syn.)
Uropappus, Nutt.
Head many-flowered. Involucre cylindraceous, double; the scales lanceolate,
acuminate, membranaceous; the exterior 3-6 more or less calyculate ;
the interior 8-12 somewhat in 2 series, rather longer than the flowers. Receptacle
flat, naked. Achenia terete, slender, attenuate at the summit or
rostrate, striate; the minute ribs scabrous. Pappus of 5 linear-lanceolate
1 -nerved scarious scales (which are at length convolute around the corolla);
the midrib produced into a minutely scabrous awn.—Annual nearly glabrous
(Californian) herbs, simple or sparingly branched near the base; the scapi-
form stems mostly exceeding the linear and attenuated entire or sparingly
pinnatifid leaves, naked and fistulous above, terminated by a single head.
Corolla yellow.
§ 1 . Achenia scarcely rostrate; the exterior (Nutt.) (the inner, ex Hook. &
Am.) hirsute with oppressed hairs ; the others scabrous: the chaffy scales o f
the pappus dilated at the base, tapering gradually into the long awn: involucre
more evidently calyculate.—E ucalais, DC. (Uropappus § Braehy-
carpa, Nutt.)
1 . C. Douglasii (DC.! 1. c .): scapose, somewhat hairy when young;
leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, or remotely pinnatifid, with the lobes linear
and short (pappus reddish, DC., or straw-color, Nutt.).—Hook. 8f Am . hot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 361. Uropappus (Brachycarpa) heterocarpus, Nutt, in
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 425.
California, Douglas, Nuttall.—Plant 6 inches high. Flowers pale yellow,
small. Nutt.—We have only seen this plant in the herbarium of De Candolle.
The character given by Hooker & Arnott embraces the phrase:
“ pappi paleis appresse villosis.”
§ 2. Achenia all similar and glabrous, tapering into a short beak, the angles
minutely muricate-scabrous: chaffy scales of the pappus bifid at the apex;
the midrib produced between the teeth into an awn of variable length:
exterior involucral scales unequal.—Calocalais, DC. (Uropappus §
Calocalais, Nutt.)
2. C.linearifolia (DC.! 1. c .): scapose or caulescent; leaves linear, elongated,
ciliate with soft hairs when young, often puberulent, as well as the
base of the 'stem, either entire, remotely toothed, or the lower laeiniate-
pinnatifid (pappus either silvery-white or tawny).—Hook. A Am . ' l c
C. linearifolia & C. Lindleyi, DC. 1. c. (excl. syn.) Uropappus grandi-
florus! U. linearifolius! & U. Lindleyi, Nutt.! 1. c.
California, Douglas! Nuttall!—Plant 10-14 inches high; the long scapoid
peduncles very fistulous. The capillary awn much shorter than the chaff of
the pappus; one or two of them in some of the flowers scarcely if at all exserted
beyond the cleft.—-Nuttall’s Uropappus grandiflorus is exactly the Doug-
lasian C. linearifolia: his U. Lindleyi is founded merely on the character of
De Candolle: his U. linearifolius is a state with rather smaller heads, See.
183. CICHORIUM. Tourn.; Linn.; Geertn.fr. t. 157; DC. prodr. 7. p . 84.
Heads chiefly many-flowered. Involucre double; the exterior of about 5
short spreading scales; the inner of 8-10 scales. Achenia somewhat compressed,
striate, glabrous. Pappus of numerous very small chaffy squamellse,