Buphthalmum sagiltatum, Pursh, jl. 2. p. 564, ex. Nutt. Espeletia sagittata,
Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 38, t. 4.
In the Rocky Mountains by Flat-Head River, &c., Lewis, Mr. Wyeth !
—Head large and showy, 3 to 4 inches in diameter, while the scapoid stem
is not more than a span high. Nutt.
6. B. helianthoides (Nutt.! 1. c .): leaves densely tomentose-canescent;
the radical on very long petioles, oblong, cordate-hastate, -entire, acutish, the
cauline lanceolate; scales of the-tomentose involucre lanceolate, acuminate,
appressed; rays about 15.—Espeletia helianthoides, Nutt.! in jour acad.
Philad. 1. c.
Rocky Mountains, with the preceding, (Mr. Wyeth !) to which it is very
similar; but differs, according to Mr. Nuttall, in having a smaller and more
imbricated involucre, &e. We should have taken this species for the Buphthalmum
sagiltatum of Pursh, except that that author states that the exterior
scales of the involucre are longer than the disk.
7. B. deltoidea (Nutt.! 1. c .): hirsute-pubescent; radical leaves on very
long petioles, deltoid-cordate, acute, with undulate or crenate margins ; the
cauline 1-3, small, ovate or spatulate ; involucre woolly or tomentose at the
base ; the scales in about 2 series ; the exterior largest, linear-lanceolate,
foliaceous, spreading, longer than the disk; rays 12-20.
Oregon, at Fort Vancouver, Dr. Scouler ! and in wet open places on the
Wahlamet, Nuttall! June.—Scapes a foot or more in height. Rays about
an inch long.
87. HELIOPSIS. Pers. syn. 2. p . 473 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 550, excl. § 3.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers (10 or more) pistillate, in a single
series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre in 2-3
series; the exterior foliaceous and somewhat spreading;“ the interior shorter
than the disk. Receptacle conical; the lanceolate or linear chaff somewhat
embracing the achenia. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers hairy towards
the apex, which is obtuse and tipped with a mucronate appendage.
Achenia glabrous, quadrangular, or in the ray 3-sided and convex externally.
Pappus none, or rather an obsolete truncate crown.—Perennial (American)
herbs, with rather large heads on long peduncles, terminating the stem or
branches. Leaves opposite, petioled, triplinerved, serrate. Flowers
yellow.
§ 1. Rays articulated with the ovary, and at length deciduous: achenia
smooth.—E u h e l io p s is , DC.
1. H. leevis (Pers.): nearly smooth and glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate
or oblong-ovate, somewhat truncate at the base, or abruptly tapering
into the petiole, coarsely serrate.-—Pursh! jl. 2. p. 563; Ell. sic. 2. p. 407;
Darlingt.! jl. Cest. p. 479 ; Dunal! in mem. mus. 5. p. 55 ; Hook. hot.
mag. t. 3372 ; DC.! 1. c. Buphthalmum helianthoides, Linn. ! hort. Ups.,
8f spec. 2. p. 904: Michx.! jl. 2. p. 130 ; TJHer. stirp. t. 45 ; Schkuhr,
handb. t. 257. Silphium helianthoides, Lin n .! spec. 2. p. 920, ex syn.
Gronov. Rudbeckia oppositifolia, (Gronov.) Linn.! 1. c. Helianthus lsevis,
Lin n .! spec. ed. 2., excl. syn. Gronov. Helepta parviflora, H. grandiflora,
See., R a j.! neog.
ft. gracilis : much smaller in all its parts ; stem very slender, minutely
pubescent towards the summit; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute
at the base, scabrous.—H. I s vis ft., Hook.! compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 98.
H. gracilis, Nutt, in trans. Anier. phil. soc. 1. c.
y. scahra: stem and oblong-ovate leaves scabrous; involucre pubescent
or somewhat downy.—H. scahra, Dunal! in^inem. mus. 5. p. 56, t. 4 ;
Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 310.
Banks of streams, and in dry soil, throughout the United States! ft. Louisiana,
Drummond, Dr. Hale! Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Alabama, Dr. Gales!
See. y. With the ordinary form, particularly in the Western States from
Saskatchawan to Arkansas !—Stem 2-4 feet high ; in var. ft. 1-2 feet, and
bearing usually a single head. Exterior scales of the involucre extremely
variable ; sometimes scarcely longer than the innermost, and with very short
foliaceous tips ; hut often more spreading, almost entirely foliaceous, and
even slightly serrate at the apex, as long as or longer than the disk., Peduncle
thickened and obConical at the summit. Rays an inch or more in length,
bright light yellow.—The original Helianthus laevis (H. foliis lanceolatis
serratis Isevibus, Gronov. jl-. Virg.) is Bidens chrysanthemoides. Hence it
were to be wished that Persoon had taken the specific name from some
other of the numerous Linnsean synonyms. We have so many forms intermediate
between H. laevis, H. scabra, and the very slender var. gracilis,
that we unite them ■without the slightest hesitation ; although the extremes
appear abundantly different.
88. TETRAGONOTHECA. Dill. Elth. p. 378, t. 283; Linn.; DC.
prodr. 5. p . 552.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (6—9) pistillate; those of the disk
tubular, perfect. Involucre double; the exterior composed of 4 large and
broadly ovate foliaceous acuminate scales, united towards the base into a
4- angled or 4-winged cup, valvate and reduplicate in aestivation; the interior
of about 8 very small oval-lanceolate scales, resembling the chaff of the receptacle,
partly clasping the achenia of the ray. Receptacle convex-conical;
the chaffy scales membranaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, nerved. Corolla
hairy at the base ; the ray with a manifest tube ; the ligules large and broad,
coarsely about 3-toothed at the apex, many-nerved; of the disk deeply
5- toothed (10- or mostly 15-nerved); the teeth erect, glabrous. Style, in the
disk-flowers, bulbous at the base (above the annular epigynous disk); the
branches linear, hispid, tipped with an acuminate appendage. Achenia ob-
ovoid, nearly terete, thick, smooth, flat at the summit, destitute of pappus.—
A perennial herb, somewhat viscidly hairy, and sprinkled with minute resinous
globules. Leaves opposite, coarsely toothed, oval or ovate-oblong, narrowed
at the base, closely sessile, and often slightly connate. Heads large,
pedunculate, terminating the branches. Flowers pale yellow.
T. helianthoides (Linn.!)— Willd. spec. 3. p. 2116 ; L'Her. stirp.p. 177 ;
Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 563; EU. sk. 2. p. 407 ; DC. 1. c. Polymnia Tetragono-
theca, L in n .! syst. p. 658; Abbot, insects of- Georgia, 2. t. 69; Schkuhr,
handb. t. 263. Silphium Tetragonotheca, Gtsrtn. fr. t. 171.
Dry sandy soil, Virginia ! to Florida! and Alabama! May-June, often
flowering again in Sept.—Root thick. Stem 2—3 feet high, terete. Leaves
3-6 inches in length, feather-veined, sometimes also triplinerved, either re