1 - li inch long; the disk dark purplish-brown. Pappus a minute margin.
Appendages of the style lanceolate or linear-subulate.
* * Disk dark purple or brawn, subglobose or broadly conical: appendages of the style
very short and obtuse, or somewhat capitate.-
t Chaff glabrous and very dark purple at the summit, as well as the corolla.
3. R. fulgida (Ait.): stem hirsute or strigose-hispid, branching, the branches
slender, naked at the summit; leaves strigose, sparingly denticulate; the
cauline sessile, spatulate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed towards the
base, partly clasping, somewhat triplinerved; the radical ovate, petioled;
scales of the involucre oblong or lanceolate, sometimes as long as the spreading
oblong rays; chaff of the receptacle linear-oblong, obtuse or mucronu-
late, glabrous or slightly ciliate at the summit, rather shorter than the corolla;
pappus coroniform, minute.—A it.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 251 ; Bot. mag. t.
1996 ; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2248 ; JEll. sk. 2. p. 546 ; Bart. Jl. Amer. Sept. 1. t.
54 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p. 480 ; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 556. R. chrysomela,
Michr. ! jl. 2. p. 143. R. aspera, Pers. ; Desf. cat. R. spathulata, Pursh,
jl. 2. p . 574.
P- slender; leaves narrowly spatulate-oblong or lanceolate; heads small;
rays seldom exceeding the disk.—R. gracilis, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 178, (& R.
spathulata, in herb. acad. Philad.) R. discolor, Ell. sk. 2. p. 454. (In his
note, instead of “ to the preceding species,” to R. fulgida, should doubtless
be read.)
y. slender; upper part of the stem and the leaves minutely strigose-pu-
bescent; the latter spatulate, acute, mostly entire, much attenuate at the
base, only the lowest somewhat clasping; involucre shorter than the rays.
—R. spathulata, Michx.! jl. 2. p. 144 ; not of Pursh, nor of Nutt, gen., ex
spec, in herb. Muhl. ! which appears to be Dracopis.
6. stem stouter, often simple ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mostly
entire, clothed with loose or spreading (and at length somewhat deciduous)
hirsute or hispid hairs. (Pubescence somewhat strigose; rays about the
length of the involucre.—R. discolor, Pursh ! jl. 2. p. 574.—Hairs often
slender from a papillose base ; heads large; rays exceeding the involucre.__
R. discolor, DC. 1. c.)
Dry soil, Pennsylvania to Georgia! and Florida! (a. & /?.) y . Mountains
of Carolina, Michaux! Lincolnton, N. Carolina, Mr. Curtis! (a
smoother dwarfish state of var. a. growing apparently in shade.) 6. Florida!
to Western Louisiana! and Arkansas! Aug.-Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet
high. Rays about 12, 2-3-cleft at the apex, deep orange-yellow, the lower
surface and the base in dried specimens often reddish-orange.—Resembles
R. hirta in some of its forms, and like that species variable in the size of its
heads and rays; but generally distinguished by the short rays, the leaves
more or less tapering below and dilated at the insertion, with a shorter pubescence,
and always different in the very short and obtuse appendages of
the style, and dark purple (instead of dull purplish-brown) disk.
4. R . speciosa (Wender) : stem hirsute or hispid, loosely branched; the
branches elongated, naked above; leaves roughish-hirsute or pubescent,
coarsely and irregularly toothed or incised; the upper lanceolate, sessile;
the lower ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, petioled,
triplinerved; the radical 5-nerved, on long petioles ; scales of the involucre
linear-lanceolate, unequal, about half the length of the numerous spreading
elongated ray s; chaff of the receptacle oblong-linear, mostly acute and glabrous,
rather shorter than the corolla; pappus coroniform, minute.—“ Wender
injlora (1829), 1. p. 30”; Schrad! in herb. DC. 1832; DC .! prodr. 5. p.
556. R. fulgida, Nutt*! herb. ; Sullivant! cat. Ohio pi. fiyc. (varies, with
the upper leaves elongated lanceolate, closely sessile, with one or two large
laciniate teeth or lobes on each side near the middle, the uppermost entire ;
as in the cultivated plant, and in specimens from the valley of the busque-
hannah, Pennsylvania, Dr. Sartwell! ; or with the upper leaves shorter and
ovate-lanceolate or oblong, all but the uppermost narrowed at the base or pe-
Mountains of Pennsylvania ! to Ohio, Dr. Paddock! Mr. Sullivant! Mr.
Lea! where it appears to take the place of R. fulgida. Not uncommon in
European gardens. Aug.-Oct.—This is a larger plant than R. fulgida, with
showy heads terminating the long naked summit of the branches ; the black-
purple disk conoid-globose in fruit and two-thirds of an inch long , the oblong-
linear rays bright yellow, an inch to an inch and a half long; the thin
leaves 3 to 6 inches in length ; the radical less toothed, and somewhat resembling
those of the common Plantain.
5. R. triloba (Linn.): hirsute, paniculately branched; the branches
spreading; cauline leaves sessile, more or less hairy ; the uppermost ovate-
lanceolate, slightly clasping, sparingly serrate or entire; the lower mostly 3-
lobed, tapering at the base, coarsely serrate, acuminate;, the radical on slen-
der petioles, ovate or oval, obtuse, often subcordate, crfenate-toothed, sometimes
lobed or incised ; heads (rather small) on short peduncles; scales of
the involucre lanceolate-linear, unequal, usually shorter than the (mostly 8)
oval or oblong spreading ray s; chaff of the receptacle glabrous, lanceolate-
oblong, cuspidate-awned, as long as the corolla; pappus coroniform, obsolete.—
Linn.! spec. 2. p. 907 ; Michx.! jl. 2. p. 144 (excl. p .) ; E ll.s k . 2.
p. 452 ; Bot. reg. t, 525 ; Bart.jl. Amer. Sept. 1 .1. 24 ; DC. ! 1. c. R. triloba,
subtomentosa (as to herb.), & aristata, Pursh ! jl. 2. p. 575. Centrocarpha
triloba (excl. syn. Michx.) & aristata, Don, in Sweet, Brit. jl. gard. ser. 2.
under t. 87. Per'ami’bus hirtus, R.af.! in ann.nat. (1820,)^. 14.
p. pinnatiloba : slender; earliest radical leaves^ roundish-oval (small),
crenate, sometimes lobed ; the others irregularly pinnatifid with the lobes
short and obtuse: lower cauline leaves pinnately 5-7-lobed or parted ; the
upper 3-lobed or entire ; heads small.—R. biennis, Chapman ! mss.
Dry soil, Virginia ! to Alabama ! and Ohio! Illinois! &c., to Louisiana!
p. Lime rocks, Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! July-Sept.—Plant 3-5
feet high (probably biennial ?), the conical receptacle exhaling a faint aromatic
odor when divided. Disk black-purple, or dark chesnut, less than
half an inch in diameter, at first depressed-globose, when old somewhat
ovoid. Rays deep yellow, in dried specimens often orange towards the base,
6-12 lines long.—Well distinguished by the slender (dark-purple) cuspidate
points of the chaff. In Purshls character of R. aristata, the chaff of the
pappus is said to be awned.
t t Chaff pale and often bearded or canescent at the summit, mostly shorter than
the expanded corolla; the disk therefore at first fuscous, at length brownish or
- dull purple.
6. R . subtomentosa (Pursh): stem branching, tomentose-pubescent;
leaves mostly petioled, hispid-scabrous above, soft and minutely tomentose
beneath; the lower 3-parted or deeply 3-lobed ; the upper mostly undivided,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate ; heads somewhat corymbose ;
scales of the involucre numerous, narrowly lanceolate, canescent, imbricated,
at length squarrose or reflexed, rather shorter than the subglobose brownish
disk, many times shorter than the numerous spreading rays ; chaff of the
receptacle glandular-bearded at the obtuse (rather pale) summit, shorter than
the corolla; pappus coroniform, obsolete.—Pursh, jl. 2. p. 575, ex char. &
syn. (not oil herb. ?) R. triloba p. foliis subtomentosis, Michx.! jl. 2. p . 144.
R. odorata, N u tt. I in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p . 78, not of the gardens.