4 38 COMPOSITE. S enec io.
hairy or nearly glabrous; the upper partly clasping by a cordate base; heads
corymbose at the summit of the stem or branches ; pedicels not bracteolate ;
scales of the involucre about 20, in a single series, linear, acuminate; rays
20-21; achenia glabrous, with many narrow somewhat unequal ribs.—D C .!
prodr. 6. p. 363 ; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 334. Cineraria palustris,
Linn. spec. ed. 2. p. 1243; FI. Dan. t. 573 ; Engl. lot. t. 151; Schkuhr,
handb. t. 246 ; Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. cd. 2. p. 31.
0. congestus (Hook.! 1. c.): very woolly; stem simple (4 inches to a foot
high); leaves linear-ligulate, undulate or sinuate-toothed; heads crowded or
capitate.—S. congestus, DC. 1. c. Cineraria congesta, R . B r .! in Parry's
ls< voy. appx. p. 279 ; Hook. Sf A m .! bot. Beechey, p. 126.
Saskatchewan ! (also saline marshy margins of Devil’s Lake, N. W. Ter-
ritory, Mr. Nicollet!) to the Arctic Sea! Kotzebue’s Sound ! &c. the var. 0.
confined to the arctic regions, and Melville Island! July.—Rays pale yellow.
Pappus very copious, at first scarcely longer than the tube of the disk-
corolla, at length very much longer than the flowers.—To this species, as
thus considered, may probably be referred S. Kalmii, Less, in Linncea, 6.
p . 244.
7. iS. Hookeri: biennial 1 arachnoid-pubescent, at length somewhat glabrous
; stem simple; radical and lowest cauline leaves ovate or spatulate-
oblong, obtuse, repand-denticulate or entire, contracted into short margined
petioles; the upper linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, sessile ; heads numerous,
in a contracted and dense simple corymb ; scales of the involucre about 12,
nearly glabrous; rays 8—9, oblong, short (bright yellow ?) ; achenia glabrous;
pappus rather shorter than the 10-nerved corolla of the disk.—S. integrifolia,
Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. (exel. syn.), not of Nutt. Cineraria integrifolia,
Richards, appx. Frankl. joum. ed. 2. p. 31; not of Jacq., Willd., Pursh, Sfc.
Woody country from lat. 54° to the shores of the Arctic Sea, Richardson.
Rocky Mountains (lat. 52°), Drummond!—Plants 6-12 inches high, with
fibrous roots, clothed when young with loose woolly hairs. Heads smaller
than in S. spathulsefolius. Leaves perfectly smooth when the pubescence
has fallen.
* * * * Perennial: heads corymbose, chiejly radiate.
+ Leaves entire or denticulate.
8. jS. spartioides : glabrous throughout; stems suffruticose, very numerous
from the same ligneous tap-root, rigid, corymbose at the summit, leafy;
leaves fleshy, narrowly linear, perfectly entire, rather obtuse, sessile; heads
(large and showy) fastigiate-corymbose, on short minutely bracteolate peduncles
; the calyculate scales subulate, minute; scales of the cylindrical involucre
about 12, lanceolate-linear, acutish; rays mostly 7, oblong-linear,
elongated; achenia silky-canescent.
Upper Platte; on a steep sand-bank of the Sweet-water River, Lieut.
Fremont! Aug.-Sept.—Stems a foot high, forming a dense tuft. Leaves
1-3 inches long, about a line wide, very numerous. Heads half an inch
in length. Rays golden-yellow. Pappus as long as the disk-corolla.—
A remarkable and handsome species.
9. S. megacephalus (Nutt.): clothed with a deciduous wool, at length almost
glabrous ; stem low, stout; leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or obscurely
denticulate; the lowermost tapering into petioles; the upper linear-lanceolate
and partly clasping; corymb of 3-5 very large heads; scales of the
nearly ecalyculate villous-pubescent involucre linear, acuminate, not sphacelate;
rays 10-12, (pale yellow), short; achenia glabrous ; pappus as long
as the corolla of the disk.—Nutt.! in trams. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7.
p . 410.
S enec io. COMPOSITE.
Plains of the Platte, near the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall!—Plant 6-8
inches high. Heads very many-flowered, nearly an inch long.
10. S. lugens (Richards.) ; clothed with deciduous tomentose hairs, or
nearly glabrous; stem simple, slender; leaves glandular-toothed, or often
nearly entire, obscurely veined; the radical oblong-spatulate, tapering into
short petioles; the cauline lanceolate and acute, partly clasping; corymb
simple; involucre sparingly calyculate ; the scales linear-lanceolate, acute,
strikingly blackish-purple or sphacelate above the middle; rays about 12,
oblong-linear, twice the length of the involucre ; achenia glabrous.__
Richards, appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 31 ; Spreng. syst. 2. p. 558 ;
Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 332 DC. 1. c. S. Kalmii, Hook. Sc Am . ! bot.
Beechey, p. 126 (a stouter form).
Arctic America from Fort Franklin to the sea-coast, Richardson! and
Kotzebue s Sound !—A foot high. Heads large ; the calyculate bracteoles
linear-subulate.
11. S. exaltatus (Nutt.): sparsely clothed with caducous villous hairs, at
length glabrous ; stem tall and robust, grooved, simple, naked above ; leaves
unequally crenate-denticulate (the teeth somewhat glandular), veiny; the
radical and lower cauline broadly lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, on long petioles;
the upper lanceolate, acute, partly clasping (sometimes deeply serrate,'
Nutt. ) ; corymb compound, fastigiate, of very numerous (small) heads ; involucre
scarcely calyculate; the scales linear, with pubescent and slightly
sphacelate or purplish tips; rays 6-8, oblong, short; achenia glabrous.__
Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 410. S. lugens, Nutt, in
jour. Acad. Philad. 7. p. 31 ; not of Richards.
Plains of the Oregon and of the Platte, Nuttall! See.—Stem 3-5 feet high;
the umbelliform corymb containing numerous heads, which are smaller
than those of S. lugens.
c^u' cordatus (Nutt.): more or less hairy, especially towards the base
of the tall and stout sulcate-angled stem ; lower leaves cordate-ovate, repand-
ly serrulate or nearly entire, obtuse, on long petioles; the upper lanceolate,
clasping, serrate ; heads numerous, in a nearly simple corymb; scales of the
campanulate involucre (about 15) linear, with dark and sphacelous pubescent
tips; rays 5 or 6, oblong; achenia glabrous.—Nutt, in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. 1. c. p. 411.
Alluvial situations in Oregon, near the mouth of the Wablamet. Nuttall.
June. Plant 2—3 feet high, evidently allied to the preceding species.
13. S. Jastigiatus (Nutt.): sparingly arachnoid-tomentose when young;
stem slender, at length glabrous, simple, angled; leaves lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, mostly obtuse and entire, tapering into petioles, tomentose-canes-
cent, or at length nearly glabrous ; the upper cauline linear, small, subses-
. e > heads (small) numerous, in a fastigiate (simple or compound) corymb •
involucre scarcely calyculate; the scales (yellowish) linear-lanceolate; rays
about 8, linear-oblong; achenia glabrous.—Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
1. c. p. 410. r
Plains of the Oregon, near the Wahlamet, Nuttall /—Stem 2 or 3 feet
high. Leaves rather thick and rigid, the lower a span long (with the petioles),
sometimes sparingly serrulate towards the apex, the margins inclined
to be revolute. Heads about as large as in S. aureus.
14. S. integerrimus (Nutt.): glabrous throughout; stem simple striate-
leaves entire (rarely obscurely repand-denticulate), somewhat fleshv ; the
radical and lowest cauline short, lanceolate-oblong, rather obtuse, tapering
into a petiole ; the upper small, lanceolate, acute, partly clasping; corymb
simple or nearly so ; involucre hemispherical, calyculate with a few loose