in 1-2 series.—Branching herbs (natives of the old world), with the radical
leaves toothed or runcinate; the heads axillary and nearly sessile, or terminating
the branches. Flowers bright blue, sometimes varying to white.
1 . C. In ty b n s (Linn.): lower leaves runcinate, hispid-scabrous on the carinate
midrib; the cauline small, oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, sinuate-
toothed or nearly entire; those of the branches inconspicuous; heads mostly
2-3 together, sessile.—E n g l. hot. t. 538; Schkuhr, han d b . t. 226 ; P u rsh , f l.
2. p . 496; H o o k . l f l . B o r .-A m . 1. p . 296; D a r l in g t .f i . Cesl. p . 440.
Old fields and road-sides, naturalized in Canada! and the Northern and
Middle States! Aug.-Sept.— 1£ Flowers showy.— W i ld Succory.
Subtribe 3. Scorzonere* , L e s s .—Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus of
chaffy or stout bristles, which are dilated at the base, or else plumose.
184. STEPHANOMERIA. N u tt, in trans. A m e r. p h il. soc. 1. c. 7. p . 427.
Heads 3- 6-flowered. Involucre cylindrical, composed of 3-5 oblong-linear
one-nerved equal scales, and of a few short calyculate scales at the base.
Receptacle scrobiculate, naked. Achenia oblong, strongly 5-angled or 5-
grooved, glabrous, not rostrate, scarcely if at all attenuated at either end.
Pappus (white) of 15-24 plumose filiform bristles (which are gradually but
slightly stouter towards the base), in a single series.—Diffuse and much
branched rather rigid and glaucescent herbs (natives of the sterile plains, &c.
on both sides of the Rocky Mountains), with the aspect of Chondrilla; the
lower leaves linear and often runcinate ; those of the nearly naked branches
minute and bract-like, linear-subulate, entire. Heads small, solitary, terminating
the branchlets. Flowers rose-color.
These plants have exactly the habit of Lygodesmia; from which they chiefly differ
in their plumose pappus.
§ 1. P e r e n n ia l: roots thick a n d often to rtuous: heads 5 -6 -flmoered.
1 . S. minor (Nutt.! 1. c .): branches somewhat striate; leaves linear-subulate,
entire: heads 5-fiowered.—Prenanthes ? tenuifolia, T-orr. ! in A n n . ly c .
N ew Y o rk , 2. p . 210, not of Spreng. Lygodesmia minor, H o o k . ! f l . B o r .-
A m . 1. p . 205, 1 .103, A .
Plains and hills of the Oregon, near the Wallawallah, &c. D o u g la s !
N u tta l l! Plains of the Platte, D r . J ames !—July-Aug.—A foot or more in
height. Achenia strongly 5-sulcate, sometimes very obscurely wrinkled or
rugose, probably smooth and even when mature. Pappus of 16-24 beautifully
plumose bristles.
2. S . ru n d n a ta (Nutt.! 1. c.) : branches flexuous, somewhat striate ; radical
and lower cauline leaves runcinate, more or less pubescent when young;
those of the fertile branches linear or subulate, the lower often 1- 2-toothed ;
heads 5- 6-flowered.—Prenanthes runcinatum, James, in L o n g 's ex p ed . P . 1
pauciflora, T o r r .! in ann. ly c . N ew Y o rk , 2. p . 210. S. runcinata &
S. heterophylla, N u tt. ! 1. c.
Plains of the Platte at the base of the Rocky Mountains, D r . J am e s !
L ie u t. F rem on t! Also on Big Sandy Creek, one of the sources of the Colorado
of the West, N u t ta l l ! July-Aug.—Plant 4-8 inches high.
§ 2. Annual: heads 3-5-flowered.
3. S. paniculata (Nutt.! 1. c .) : stems stout, erect, striate, virgate, bearing
numerous short paniculate flowering branches; cauline leaves linear, the
lower often toothed or sagittate at the base; those of the branches minute;
mostly 5-flowered.
Plains of the Rocky Mountains, near the Colorado of the West, Nuttall!
—Stem 2 feet or more in height. Heads smaller and more slender than in
the preceding, terminal and lateral, and subsessile along the branchlets.
Achenia 5-angled, obscurely rugose. Bristles of the pappus 15-20, grayish,
at length brownish.
4. N. exigua (Nutt.! 1. c .) : diffusely much branched, the branches slender;
radical leaves runcinate-pinnatifid ; those of the branches reduced to minute
scales; heads 3-4- (sometimes 5-) flowered.
Plains of the Rocky Mountains, with the preceding, Nuttall!—Heads
still smaller than in S. paniculata, scarcely a line in diameter, 3-4 lines in
length.
185. RAFINESQUIA. Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 429.
Heads many-flowered. Scales of the cylindraceous involucre about 15,
somewhat in 2 series, linear-acuminate from a broadish base, with scarious
margins, subtended by a few short and spreading calyculate scales or bracts.
Receptacle naked, puncticulate. Achenia terete, nearly even, smooth or
the exterior minutely scabrous-pubescent, with the basilar areola terminal,
tapering above into a long filiform beak. Pappus of 12-15 uniform slender
and fragile plumose bristles, nearly in a single series, deciduous.—An annual
corymbosely much branched glabrous herb, with the aspect of a Sonchus.
Leaves runcinate or lyrately pinnatifid, clasping, lanceolate; those of the
branches small. Heads rather large, terminating the fastigiate minutely
bracteate branches. Flowers white.
JR. Californica (Nutt.! 1.- c.)
St. Diego, California, near the coast.—Stem 2-3 feet high, terete, purplish.
Involucre at length enlarging at the base and becoming conical, as in Sonchus.
Flowers fugacious, but little exserted, externally dark purple in the
centre of the ligule. Achenium shorter than the very slender and nearly
smooth beak.
186. LEONTODON. Linn. (excl. spec.); Juss. ; Koch, syn. p. 418.
Heads many-flowered. Involucre scarcely imbricated; the.exterior or
accessory scales shorter and bracteolale, in 1-3 series. Receptacle naked,
punctate, or sometimes fimbrillate in the centre. Achenia all similar, terete,
striate, transversely rugulose, tapering to the apex or somewhat rostrate.
Pappus persistent, composed of 1 or 2 series of plumose bristles, which are
scariose-dilated at the base, or the exterior short and filiform.—Acaulescent
perennial (chiefly European) herbs; with radical, toothed, or pinnatifid
leaves. Flowers white.
TOL. II.—60