of the leaves sometimes scabrous. Heads large. Rays 8-10. Achenia, as
in all the species of this section, somewhat pubescent.—We have possibly
combined two or more species; but the form of the panicle, &c. is very variable,
and the fleshiness of the leaves probaby varies with the saltness of the
marsh; becoming almost membranaceous, as in var. <5., when the water is
nearly fresh.
36. S. angustifolia (Ell.) : very glabrous; stem erect, strict, simple, or
sometimes branched at the summit; leaves thick, short, erect, lanceolate-
linear, sessile, mucronate-acute, 1-nerved ; the lower lanceolate, attenuate at
the base; racemes short, erect or at length somewhat recurved, sometimes
secund, disposed in a close and virgate erect panicle; peduncles and pedicels
slender ; heads small.—E ll.! sic. 2. p. 388; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 341.
In brackish swamps, Carolina! to Florida! Texas, Drummond! Sept.—
Oct.—Plant with somewhat the habit of S. virgata. Stem 2-4 feet high,
simple and virgate, or producing slender branches near the summit, and
terminated by a contracted crowded panicle; the very numerous heads
smaller, and the scales of the involucre narrower than in the preceding species.
Upper leaves about an inch long, often subulate; the lower more scattered,
less pointed, sometimes broadly ianceolate.—The leaves in the Texan
specimens are more appressed.
37. <S. integrifolia (Desf.) : stem erect, simple, somewhat pubescent;
leaves lanceolate, sessile, acuminate, slightly and obsoletely triplinerved,
glabrous, entire, the lowest [rather obtuse] sparsely denticulate; racemes
axillary, erect, somewhat panicled [forming an elongated rather large panicle]
; pedicels pubescent; scales of the involucre acute; rays elongated. DC.
—“ Desf.! cat. hart. Par. ed. 1804, p. 103, Sf ed. 3. p. 402” ; Pers. syn. 2.
p. 449 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 340. (excl. syn. S. speciosa, Nutt.) S. elata,
Pursh, jl. 2. p. 543, partly (spec. cult. Soland.! in herb. Banks.); not
of Ell. . . . .
“ North America.”—We have only seen cultivated specimens, the origin
of which is uncertain. The summit of the stem, peduncles, &c. are pubescent
; the heads large; and the achenia pubescent.
* * * * * Racemes spreading or recurved (scorpioid), secsmd: leaves veiny (sometimes
indistinctly triplinerved), usually serrate.—Secundiflorse.
f Leaves usually ample, serrate, loosely feather-veined; one of the veins on each
side of the midrib sometimes stronger than the others, thus appearing slightly triplinerved:
heads middle-sized.
38. S. elliptica (Ait.): stem erect, glabrous; leaves elliptical, smooth, serrate
; racemes paniculate, secund; rays middle-sized, [peduncles and pedicels
minutely pubescent; scales of the involucre narrow, acute; achenia
strigose-pubescent]. A it.! Kew. (ed. 1 )3 . p. 214 ; not of Ell., nor of DC. ?
S. latissimifolia, Mill, diet., ex Ait. S. dubia, Scopoli, Jl. insub. 2. p. 19,
t. it) ? 1
North America, Hort. Kew. Canada, Mill, diet., in which the subjoined
particulars are given.—“ Stalks stiff, round, smooth, with a wThite bark, upwards
of 3 feet high. Leaves spear-shaped, smooth, with several veins, 3i
inches long, one inch broad, alternate. Flowers from the upper axils, in
short, erect, obtuse spikes, of a pale yellow color.”—The characters we have
added to the phrase of the Hortus Kewensis are derived from the authentic
specimen, preserved in the Banksian herbarium. It is somewhat allied to
the maritime species; and the same plant, if we mistake not, is found along
the borders of salt marshes near New York. The latter has thickish, shining,
oblong-lanceolate leaves, veiny, smooth, with scabrous margins, the upper
closely sessile and mostly entire; the short and dense racemes forming a
crowded and leafy pyramidal panicle. Heads middle-sized. Rays 10-12.
39. S.neglecta: stem stout, smooth; leaves thickish, smooth and glabrous
; the radical and lowest cauline oblong or ovate-lanceolate, appressed-
serrate, petioled; the others elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute at
each end, sessile (often obscurely triplinerved) finely appressed-serrate ; the
upper entire; racemes short, dense, secund, somewhat spreading, disposed in
an elongated or pyramidal somewhat leafy panicle ; peduncles and pedicels
nearly glabrous; scales of the '8—12-flowered involucre obloDg, obtuse; rays
rather large ; achenia nearly glabrous.
In swamps, Massachusetts! and New York ! to North Carolina ! and Indiana!
Aug.—Sept.—This not uncommon Solidago has doubtless been noticed;
but we cannot refer it, with reasonable probability, to any described
species. It is distinguished from S. arguta by its elongated panicle, with
short racemes, which are at first erect (the lower often shorter than the leaves
which subtend them); by the larger heads with much fewer flowers, & e.:
from S. Muhlenbergii by the more entire and rigid, seldom acuminate leaves,
more strict and terete stem, fewer-flowered heads, &c.: from S. elliptica by
the broad and obtuse scales of the involucre (which are pubescent-ciliate at
the tips), and the smooth achenia. The primordial radical leaves are oblan-
ceolate or narrowly oblong, finely crenate-serrate, often obtuse, tapering into
slender petioles; which are frequently succeeded by larger acuminate radical
leaves, resembling those of S. arguta, but less strongly serrate. Several
varieties occur; as 1, with coriaceous leaves, deep green above, the margins
scarcely scabrous; the panicle either small and strict, or large and loose,
with many of the lower racemes often shorter than the leaves (Can this be
S. verrucosa, Schrad. ?), or sometimes compound from the stem producing
corymbose branches at the summit (this is possibly the S. dubia, Scopoli,
Smith, the S. Cleliae, DC .): 2, leaves less rigid, with very scabrous margins,
the cauline elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, short, more entire; panicle large
and often crowded: 3, leaves longer and narrower, often triplinerved above
the middle; sometimes sharply serrate ; and 4, if we mistake not, with the
leaves slightly scabrous. Sometimes the racemes are erect, at least until
old, and but slightly secund, approaching S. stricta.
40. S. patula (Muhl.): stem angled and striate, smooth, usually branched
above; leaves (large) elliptical, acute, serrate, entirely smooth and glabrous
beneath; racemes mostly short and crowded on the elongated somewhat leafy
branches, at length spreading or recurved ; peduncles scabrous-pubescent;
scales of the involucre oblong ; rays 6 or 7, the disk-flowers 8-10 ; achenia
sparsely and minutely pubescent.—Muhl.! in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2059 ;
Beck. bot. p. 190 ; Darlingt. ! Jl. Cest. p. 457. S. asperata, (herb. Banks.,
mss.) Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 538; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 3. S. angulata,
Schrad. in DC. prodr. 5. p. 331 ?
(3. strictula: stem simple or nearly so ; the very short racemes, at first
erect and scarcely secund, constituting a virgate compound raceme ; upper
leaves small.—S. salicina, Ell. sk. 2. p . 389. S. scabra, Hook. ! compan.
to bot. mag. 1 p. 97.
Swamps, meadows, and moist woods, Canada, Massachusetts! New York!
and Wisconsin! to Georgia! and Louisiana! (not uncommon.) /?. North
Carolina ! to Florida ! and Louisiana ! Aug.-Sept.—This species is readily
distinguished by the shagreen-like roughness of the upper surface of the ample
somewhat coriaceous leaves, and their livid or leaden hue, especially in
dried specimens; while the pale lower surface is perfectly smooth (acharacter
pointed out by Dr. Darlington, but unaccountably omitted by Willde-
now, although mentioned by Muhlenberg in his mss. Flora Lancastriensis);
and also by the strongly-angled stem, and the pretty large heads disposed