in few series, shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical, chaffy throughout
or only at the summit. Achenia obovoid or obpyramidal, ribbed, glabrous,
destitute of pappus.—Annual (European) fetid herbs; with tripinnately
divided leaves, and solitary heads terminating the branches. Rays white,
often deflexed; the disk yellow.
1. M. Cotula (DC.! 1. c .) : scales of the involucre with whitish scarious
margins; receptacle conical, chaffy at the summit; the chaff subulate.—
Anthemis Cotula, Linn. spec. 2. p. 894 ; Engl. lot. t. 1772; Nutt. gen. 2.
p. 171; Bart. veg. mat. med. t. 14 ; Hoolc. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 318 ; Dar-
lingt. Cest. p. 489.
/3. rays few and small, or occasionally none.
Roadsides, &c., throughout the United States, where it is completely
naturalized. /3. St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Engelmann ! June-Nov.—Plant
hairy or nearly glabrous, with a strong unpleasant smell, and acrid properties.
Achenia more or less tuberculate in lines.—May-weed.
146. ANTHEMIS. Linn. (excl. spec.); DC. fl. Fr. prodr. 6. p. 4.
Heads many-flowered; the rays pistillate. Scales of the involucre imbricated
in few series. Receptacle convex or conical, with membranaceous
chaff among the flowers. Achenia terete or very obtusely quadrangular,
striate or smooth, destitute of pappus, or with a minute crown.—European or
Oriental odorous herbs, with 1-2-pinnately parted leaves ; the branches terminated
by single braclless heads. Rays usually white ; the disk yellow.
1. A . arvensis (L inn.): diffuse or erect, pubescent; leaves pinnately
parted, the lobes linear-lanceolate, approximate, and with the teeth very
acute; the branches leafless at the summit, bearing solitary heads; scales
of the involucre with white scarious margins, obtuse ; chaff of the conical receptacle
lanceolate, acuminate; achenia crowned with a very short somewhat
toothed margin. DC. 1. c.—Engl. lot. 1. 602; Fl. Dan. t. 1179 ;
Darlingt. fl. Cest. p . 488.
Sparingly naturalized in the Northern States. June-Aug.— (T) The
Wild Chammomile of Europe resembles Maruta Cotula, but is not fetid, with
larger heads, fertile rays, &c.
A. nobilis, the officinal Chammomile, i3 said by Nuttall to be naturalized near Lewiston,
Delaware.
147. ACHILLEA. Linn. ; Schkuhr, handb. t. 255 ; Less. syn. p. 250.
Heads many-flowered; the rays few, or 10-20, pistillate, short. Scales of
the involucre imbricated. Receptacle flat, or sometimes elongated, chafly.
Achenia oblong, obcompressed, margined, destitute of pappus.—Perennial
herbs ; with alternate mostly pinnatifid or pinnately divided leaves, and small
corymbose heads.— Yarrow.
§ 1. Involucre campanulate: rays {white) 5-20, flat, longer than the involucre
{in A. multiflora very short): receptacle broad, nearly fla t: achenia often
with wing-like margins.—P tarmica, Tourn., DC.
1. A. Ptarmica (Linn.): leaves glabrous, lanceolate-linear, sharply and
equally serrate with appressed teeth ; heads loosely corymbose ; rays 8—12,
much longer than the disk.—Linn. spec. 2. p. 898; Fl. Dan. t. 643; Engl,
lot. t. 757 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 552. Ptarmica vulgaris, DC. prodr. 6. p. 23.
Canada to New York, according to Pursh: but it has not since been met
with. Introduced in Danvers, Massachusetts, Dr. Nicholls ! {Mr. Oakes.)
Aug.-Sept.—Disk and ray white.—Sneeze-wort.
2. A . multiflora (Hook.): clothed with villous hairs when young; leaves
elongated, linear-lanceolate, closely and sharply pinnatifid-serrate; the teeth
or segments lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate, somewhat appressed ; heads
in dense compound corymbs; rays 10-12, very short.—Hook. ! f l . Bor.-Am.
1. p. 318. A. Ptarmica, Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 33.
Woody country of Subarctic America, as far north as Fort Franklin,
Richardson! Drummond!—Leaves evenly and deeply pectinate-incised.
Ligules roundish, scarcely exceeding the disk; in which respect it differs
from all other species of this section.
3. A. borealis (Bongard): stem striate, villous with soft hairs; leaves sessile,
pinnately divided; the segments bipinnatifid; the lobes linear, acute,
pubescent; heads corymbose; the peduncles villous-pubescent, branched ;
exterior scales of the involucre rather obtuse, the inner oblong; rays obovate,
entire, 4-nerved. DC.—Bongard, veg. Sitcha, in mem. acad. St. Petersb.
1. c. p. 149. Ptarmica borealis, DC. prodr. 6. p. 21.
Sitcha, Kastalsky, ex Bongard.—The heads are compared with those of
A. atrata. Flowers white.
§ 2. Involucre ovoid-oblong ; rays few and short; receptacle small: achenia
slightly margined.—M il l e f o l iu m , Tourn. (Achillea, D C )
4. A . Millefolium (Linn.): cauline leaves nearly sessile, bipinnately
parted; the lobes linear, 3-5-cleft, mucronate; the rachis entire or slightly
toothed near the apex of the leaf; corymb compound, fastigiate ; rays 4-5,
obovate, white, or sometimes rose-color (var. rosea).—Linn. spec. p. 899 ;
Fl. Dan. t. 737 ; Engl. bot. t. 758 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 318 ; Darlingt.
! fl. Cest. p. 489 ; DC. prodr. 6. p. 24. A. gracile & A. occidental,
Raf. ! in herb. DC.—Varies from almost glabrous, with the divisions of the
leaves slender and loose, to densely woolly, with smaller and narrower leaves,
and the divisions and lobes short and very much crowded; which is A. Millefolium
y. lanata, Koch: A. tomentosa, Pursh! fl. 2. p. 319 (Interior of
Oregon, Lewis !): A. lanulosa, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 20 : &
A. setacea, Schweinitz ! in Long's 2nd exped. 2. p. 119.
Throughout North America, from the Arctic regions! along the Rocky
Mountains! to Mexico, and from Newfoundland! to Oregon! Sitcha, and
California. Also, doubtless introduced,from Europe into pastures, &c. Aug.-
Oct.—The flowers of A. tomentosa, Pursh, although yellowish in the dried
specimen, were probably white in the living plant.—Bitter, astringent, and
aromatic.— Yarrow.
A. aspleniifolia (Vent. hort. Cels.) with rose-colored rays, is of unknown origin.
It is said to have been raised from seeds brought from Carolina by Bose; but, according
to De Candolle, it had been cultivated in the gardens of Europe long before the
time of Bose.
Div. 1 . C h r y s a n t h e m e .®, DC.—Receptacle naked. Heads radiate ;
the rays ligulate, pistillate, rarely neutral, in a single series (rarely wanting);
the disk flowers perfect.
vol. u.—52