Leaves less than a line wide, often almost filiform; those of the branchlets
scattered. Rays 6-9 lines long. Cells of the receptacle deeper in proportion
than in Baldwinia ; the immersed achenia exhibiting nothing but their
radiated summits nestling in the cavities, and resembling some of the starry
Madrepores, as Elliott remarks. The minute chaffy scales of the pappus
are inserted by a narrow thickened base, and spread, like the petals of a
rosaceous flower, from the flat summit of the exactly turbinate achenium.
Div. 3. G a i ix s o g e * , DC.—Receptacle chaffy throughout; the chaff
distinct. Scales of the involucre not enclosing the ray-achenia. Rays fertile
or neutral, or none.
Galinsosa parvijlora, Cav. is sofnewhat naturalized near Boston, having doubtless*
escaped from the Botanic Garden at Cambridge, as it has done from several European
gardens: we have also found it in a waste field near Princeton, New Jersey.
131. MARSHALLIA. Schreh. gen. 2. p. 810 ; Cass.; DC. prodr. 5. p . 680.
Persoonia, Michx.—Trattenickia, Pers.—Therolepta, Raf.
Head many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and similar, perfect.
Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, in 1-2 series, erect,
about the length of the disk. Chaff of the convex or conical involucre narrowly
linear, rigid or herbaceous. Corolla pubescent, with a filiform tube
and a 5-parted (occasionally somewhat bilabiate) limb ; the lobes long and
linear, spreading. Branches of the style slender, slightly pubescent, truncate
at the apex. Achenia turbinate, somewhat 5-angled, mostly hairy or villous.
Pappus of 5 or 6 ovate or triangular-lanceolate acute or acuminate nerveless
membranaceous scales.—Perennial (North American) herbs; with alternate
entire and glabrous 3-nerved leaves (the lower more or less petioled and
sheathing at the base), and solitary heads (resembling those of Scahiosa)
terminating the simple stdm or branches. Flowers pale purple or rose-color;
the anthers blue.
1. M. latifolia (Pursh): stem simple or sparingly branched above, leafy;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, 3-nerved; scales of the involucre,
linear-lanceolate, acute, rigid; chaff subulate-filiform; achenia glabrous
when mature; scales of-the pappus attenuate-acuminate from a lanceolate-
triangular base.—Pursh! fl. 2. p. 519; Nutt. gen. 2. p. 140; Eli. sk. 2. p.
316; DC. 1. c. M. Schreberi, Tratt. arch. gen. 1. p- 108, with a figure
copied from that of Michaux. Athanasia trinervia, Wall.! Car. p. 201.
Persoonia latifolia, Michx. | fl. 2. p. 105, t. 43. Trattenickia latifolia, Pers.
syn. 2. p . 403. !
Dry soil, V irg in ia ! to Alab ama ! along or near the mountains. M a y -
June.-—A foot high, glabrous. Leaves about 2 inches long, and three-fourths
to one inch broad. Pappus tawny.
2. M. angustifolia (Pursh, 1. c .): stems somewhat csespitose, often branching
above, leafy; radical -leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved; the
upper cauline linear, very narrow; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate,
acute, rigid; chaff filiform-setaceous; achenia minutely hairy on the angles ;
scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate, acuminate.— Ell. sk. 2. p. 316 (&
var. cyananthera); D C .! 1. c. Persoonia angustifolia, Michx.! 1. c. Trattenickia
angustifolia, Pers. 1. c. Athanasia graminifolia, Walt.! Car. p . 2 0 1 .
Pine woods, &c., North Carolina! to Florida! Tennessee, and Western
Louisiana! June-Aug.—A foot high, somewhat pubescent at the summit.
Lowest leaves 3-6 inches long, petioled; the uppermost linear-setaceous;
all rigid. Involucre shorter than the disk. Scales of the pappus somewhat
denticulate, very obscurely 1-nerved.
3. M. lanceolata (Pursh ! 1. c.) : stem simple, very leafy near the base,
naked above; leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, mostly obtuse, triplinerved,
tapering into petioles, the upper sessile; scales of the involucre oblong-linear,
obtuse; cbafflinear and somewhat dilated at the apex; achenia pubescent;
scales of the pappus ovate, acuminate.—Ell. sk. 2. p. 315 ; D C .! 1. c.
Persoonia lanceolata, Michx. ! 1. c. Trattenickia lanceolata, Pers. 1. c.
Athanasia obovata, Walt.! 1. c.
^ Upper districts of North Carolina! to Middle Florida! April-June.—
Stems 10-20 inches high, a little pubescent near the summit. Pappus
tawny, somewhat denticulate, cuspidate-acuminate.
4. M. ccespitosa (Nutt.): stems mostly simple, ctespitose, leafy only at the
base; leaves lanceolate-linear, rather obtuse, obscurely 1-3-nerved, somewhat
petioled ; scales of tbeinvolucre oblong-linear, obtuse; chaff linear and
somewhat dilated at the apex; achenia villous (at least on the nerves);
scales of the pappus ovate, scarcely acute.—Nu tt.! in DC. prodr. 5. p.
680 ; Hook. hot. mag. t. 3704.
Woods and moist prairies, Arkansas & Western Louisiana, Nuttall! Dr.
Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! Dr. Engelmann! Texas, Drummond! May—
June.—Plant 6-10 inches high, with much the aspect of an Armeria; the
leaves (2-3 inches long, & 2-3 lines wide) all crowded at the base of the
simple scape-like stem. Pappus conspicuous, tawny; the scales so broad as
to overlap, often lacerate-denticulate near the summit, not pointed.
132. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 316. (excl. spec.)
Ptilonella, Nutt.
Heads few-flowered; the ray-flowers about 3, ligulate, short, dilated cuneiform,
3-5-lobed, pistillate, and sometimes with rudimentary stamens; those
of the disk (7-9) tubular, perfect; the central ones infertile. Scales of the
involucre 6-8, in a single series, oblong, equal, concave, with somewhat involute
membranaceous margins. Receptacle small, furnished with a marginal
series of membranaceous chaff, partly embracing the fertile disk-flowers.
Corolla of the disk glabrous, with a short tube and an expanded throat, 5-
toothedi Style in the disk-flowers hairy and slightly thickened above the
middle; the branches extremely short and obtuse, thick, glabrous, notappen-
diculate, the stigmatic lines confluent at the summit! Achenia ohconical or
clavate, villous. Pappus of 12 to 20 membranous pectinate-plumose narrow
scales, shorter than the corolla.—An annual slender (aromatic) plant; with
nearly glabrous diffusely branched and corymbose stems, narrowly linear
entire and scabrous alternate and crowded leaves, and small heads terminating
the branchlets: the involucre, branchlets, and upper leaves glandular-
viscid. Rays and disk-flowers white : anthers brownish-purple.
B. scaher (Hook. 1. c.)—DC.prodr. 5. p. 679. Ptilonella scabra, Nutt.!
in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 386.
Prairies and sandy plains of Oregon, east of Wallawallah, Douglas!
Nuttall!—About a foot high. Cauline leaves an inch long, half a line wide.