18. C. tinctoria (Nutt.) : annual, glabrous'; lobes of the leaves linear-oblong
and linear ; scales of the exterior involucre very short, acute ; rays 3-
lobed at the summit, twice the length of the interior involucre ; achenia oblong,
wingless, minutely tuberculate on both sides, or sometimes nearly
smooth.—Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. p. 114' ; Bart. jl. Amer. Sept. 2. t. 45 ;
Bot. mag. t. 2512; Bot. reg. t. 846; Brit. Jl. gard. t. 72. Diplosastera
tinctoria, Tausch, hort. Canal., ex DC. Calliopsis bicolor, “ Reichenb. mag.
t. 70” ; Spreng.'syst. 3. p. 611. C. tinctoria, D C .! prodr. 5. p. 568 ;
Hook. bot. mag. t. 3511. ((3. atropurpurea).
Damp prairies, from the Upper Missouri, (Mr. Nicollet!) to W estern Arkansas,
Nuttall ! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Engelmann ! We stern
Louisiana, Dr. Hale! Texas, Drummond! Dr. Leavenworth! (Very
common in cultivation.) July-Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high. Rays golden
yellow, towards the base deep brownish-purple : in cultivation nearly the
whole ray sometimes becomes dark purple, as figured in Bot. mag. t. 3511.
* * Achenia winged.
19. C. Atldnsoniana (Dough): perennial, glabrous; lobes of the leaves
linear or linear-spatulate ; scales of the exterior involucre linear-oblong, obtuse,
somewhat scarious ; rays obtusely 3-toothed, thrice the length of the interior
involucre ; achenia elliptical, distinctly winged, crowned with 2 very
short (often deciduous) subulate teeth.—Dougl. in Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1376.
Calliopsis Atkinsoniana, Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 311; DC. ! prodr. 5.
p . 568.
Oregon, near the coast, Douglas ! Dr. Scouler !—This species, now common
in the European gardens, appears to be the only one indigenous to Oregon,
or any part of the country west of the Rocky Mountains. It greatly resembles
C. tinctoria, but is a larger plant.
20. C. cardaminefolia ; annual, glabrous; lobes of the'leaves obovate-
oblong, of the upper linear-spatulate or narrowly linear ; scales of the exterior
involucre very short, rather obtuse ; rays 3-cleft at the summit, twice
the length of the interior involucre ; achenia broadly oval, winged, often with
2 short subulate teeth, smooth or very minutely tuberculate.—Calliopsis cardaminefolia,
DC. ! 1. c.
[3. angustiloba : lobes of the leaves all narrowly linear ; achenia tuberculate.
Texas, Berlandier ! (3. Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale!—The young
achenia are usually crowned with two subulate teeth, which are united with
the wing, and sometimes project a little beyond it.
§ 3. Branches of the style truncate or terminated with a very obtuse cone:
achenia straight or slightly incurved, crowned with two upwardly serrulate
or hispid awns or subulate teeth ; th e winged margin mostly fringed or dissected
: chaff deciduous with the fruit : exterior involucre small : rays about
3-toothed or cleft at the summit, yellow : disk-Jlowers dark purple : stem
naked and dichotomously corymbose at the summit : leaves opposite or alternate
(often in the same species), entire or sparingly lobed.—C oreoloma.
* Achenia slightly incurved, syrrounded until a broad entire wing.—Calliopsidium.
21. C. Leavenworthii : glabrous ; stem terete, slender, dichotomously
branched at the summit ; leaves opposite, narrowly linear, entire, or frequently
with two lateral linear lobes ; the lower ones petioled ; scales of the
exterior involucre very short, ovate-lanceolate ; rays 3-toothed ; achenia (ineluding
the broad whitish wing) roundish oval, crowned with 2 awn-like
teeth, which exceed the wing.
Tampa Bay, and near Fort Drane, Florida, Di. Leavenworth !—(2) or If ?
Stems often several from the same root, 1-2 feet high. Lower leaves 3-4
inches long, scarcely a line wide. Rays 5-6 lines in length, bright yellow :
disk brownish-purple. Achenia smooth; the wing of each side as broad as
the achenium itself: the awns or teeth minutely serrulate, somewhat exceeding
the wing.—Differs from the Calliopsides with winged achenia only
in the more conspicuous teeth, and the entirely yellow rays.
* * Achenia not incurved; the margin serrulate, or with alacerate or peclinatekj dissected
wing. (Eublepharis & Rhabdocaulis, Nutt., excl. spec.)
22. C. gladiata (Walt.) : glabrous; stem terete, striate, dichotomously
corymbose at the summit; leaves somewhat fleshy, alternate, remote, entire,
or the upper ones frequently with two lateral lobes; the lowermost
oblong-lanceolate, sometimes 1—2-ternately-parted, tapering into a long margined
petiole partly clasping at the base; the upper sessile, elongated lanceolate
or linear-lanceolate, mostly acute; bracts alternate or opposite, subulate
; scales of the exterior involucre ovate-lanceolate ; rays obovate, 3-lobed
at the summit; achenia narrowly elliptical or somewhat obovate-oblong,
surrounded by a conspicuous pectinate fringe, crowned with 2 slender serrulate
hispid awns about half the length of the corolla.— Walt.! Car. p. 215;
Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 180; Ell. sk. 2. p. 444; DC. 1. c .l C. dichotoma,
Michx. 1. c., partly ?
Damp pine barrens, North Carolina! to Georgia! and Florida! Aug.-
Sept.— H Stem 2-3 feet high, naked above, 2-3 times dichotomous at the
summit, and often bearing 9-12 heads on slender pedicels. Lowrer leaves,
■ including the petiole, often 8-10 inches long, somewhat veined : the upper
4—5 inches long, and decreasing upwards, 1-nerved: the uppermost rarely
opposite. Achenia glabrous, or minutely papillose-scabrous, about twice the
length of the awns; the linear segments of the fringed margin often as long
as the achenium itself is wide, appearing like a dissected wing.
23. C. angustifolia (Ait.): glabrous; stem acutely 4-angled, virgate, slender,
dichotomously branched above; leaves entire, opposite, or the lower frequently
alternate; the radical and lowest cauline oblanceolate or spatulate,
tapering into a slender petiole; the others spatulate-linear, obtuse, narrowed
towards the base, sessile, the uppermost bract-like ; scales of the exterior involucre
ovate, obtuse; rays obovate-cuneiform, 3-lobed at the summit, the
middle lobe largest; achenia elliptical, surrounded by a lacerate-fimbriate
wing, crowned with 2 short upwardly hispid awns.—A it.! Kew. (ed. I) 3.
p. 253. C. dichotoma, Michx. Jl. 2. p. 137, (at least in part.) C. linifblia,
Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 75. C. (Rhabdocaulis) angustifolia Sc
linifolia, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
Moist pine barrens, &c., Florida, Bertram! Dr. Chapman! Mr. Croom !
Alabama, Dr. Gates! 8fc. New Orleans, Dr. Ingalls! Western Louisiana,
Dr. Hale! Borders of Texas, Dr. Leavenworth! N. Carolina, (near Wilmington?)
Mr. Curtis! June?-Sept.— 11 Stem 1-3 feet high, grooved between
the angles. Leaves more frequently all opposite, rarely all alternate,
rather thick and opaque, often obscurely punctate; the cauline ones short
(1-2 inches long), and becoming smaller towards the summit; those of the
branches reduced to spatulate-linear bracts. Heads loosely dichotomous-
corymbose; the slender pedicels spreading. Corolla of the disk dark purple,
much longer than the setiform awns of the achenia.
24. C. integrifolia (Poir.): glabrous; stem terete below, striate-angled
and often corymbose above ; leaves ovate or oval-lanceolate, entire, with a