flattish or convex, naked or villous. Achenia obovoid, with a small epigy-
nous disk, destitute of pappus.—Herbs or shrubby (bitter and mostly aromatic)
plants; with alternate, usually pinnately cleft or dissected leaves, and
small spicate or racemose heads; the spikes usually paniculate. Corolla
yellow or purplish.
§ 1. Receptacle n a k e d : h ea d s heterogamous ; the d isk -flowe rs sterile .—
D racunculus, Bess. (Oligosporus, L e s s.)
1. A . p y cn ocephala (DC.): sufFruticose (ex B e s s .) ; stems ascending or
erect; leaves crowded, silvery-tomentose; the lower tripinnately divided,
with linear lobes; the upper with somewhat ovate lobes; heads spicate or
spicate-paniculate, crowded, hemispherical, many-flowered ; scales of the
involucre elliptical, rather obtuse, silky-villous, with broad scarious margins;
sterile flowers hairy at the summit; the fertile glabrous.—D C . p r o d r . 6.
p. 99; B e s s , in L in n tea , 15. p. 102. Oligosporus pycnocephalus, L e s s, in
Linneea, 6. p . 524.
St. Francisco, California, Chamisso, fide Besser, l. c. Inadvertently given
by De Candolle as a Siberian species.
2. A . d racunculoides (Pursh): perennial, mostly sufFruticose, erect, branched,
more or less canescently pubescent when young; cauline leaves narrowly
linear, entire, or the lower, as well Ss the radical, often 3-cleft; heads
small, globose, nodding, in paniculate racemes; scales of the involucre with
scarious margins; the inner roundish, the outermost oblong.—P u rsh ! fl. 2.
p . 742. A. Dracunculus, P u rsh , fl. 2. p . 521. A. cernua, N u tt.! g en . 2.
p . 143. A. dracunculoides var. glauca, B e s s .! in Hook. fl. B o r .-A m . 1. p .
326. A. glauca fl. fastigiata, B e ss, in D C . p r o d r . 6. p . 97. A. inodora,
H o o k . Sf A m . hot. Beechey, p . 150 ?
a. ten u ifo lia : canescent or glabrous; leaves elongated, narrowly linear,
attenuate at both ends.—A. dracunculoides, P u r s h ! 1. c. (fide spec, cult.)
fl. brevifolia : somewhat cinereous, or at length glabrous (either herbaceous
or sufFruticose); leaves short, narrowly lanceolate-linear, acute; the lower
cauline 3-cleft, the radical sometimes 1-2 pinnately parted ?—A. Nuttalliana,
B e s s , in H o o k . 1. c., \ in D C . 1. c. p. 96.
y. incana: sufFruticose, silky-canescent throughout when young, but becoming
glabrous with age; cauline leaves short, linear, obtusish, frequently
3-cleft (inflorescence and flowers unknown).
Missouri! common from near St. Louis to the Rocky Mountains! and
north to the Saskatchawan ! (a. & fl.) y. Sandy banks of Jacques River,
&c., M r . N ic o lle t!—A somewhat polymorphous species, nearly allied in
some of its forms to A. Dracunculus. Leaves varying from 1 to 4 inches in
length, seldom more than one or two lines in width.—Both Pursh’s name,
and that imposed by Nuttall, seem to have been overlooked by Besser and
De Candolle.
3. A . borealis (Pallas): perennial, herbaceous, caespitose, silky-villous or
nearly glabrous; stem simple ; leaves all but the uppermost petioled; the
radical linear-lanceolate, entire at the base, 3-5-cleft at the apex, or 1-2-pin-
nately parted, with the lobes lanceolate or linear; the Cauline 2-pinnately
divided, with linear lobes; the floral elongated, undivided at the base [often
entire] ; heads spicate or racemose, paniculate, hemispherical; scales of the
involucre elliptical, colored on the back. B e ss, irt H o o k . D C .—P a l l ,
itin . 3, t. H h . f . 1 ; L e s s. in . Linneea, 6. p . 211; R ic h a r d s .! a p p x . F ra n k l.
jo u rn . ed . 2.p . 30; B e s s .! in Hook. f l . B o r .-A m . 1. p . 326 ; D C . ! p r o d r .
6. p. 98.
fl. B e s s e r i: cinereous-silky; leaves all linear-lanceolate; heads villous
externally, the lower pedicellate. B e ss.—A. borealis, a. Purshii, B e ss, in
D C . l.c ., excl. syn. P u rsh .
y. W b rm sk io ld ii (Bess. 1. c.) : canescent and somewhat silky; leaves on
short petioles; heads racemose; corolla a little hairy at the summit.—A.
Grcenlandica, Wormsk. f l . D a n . 1 .1585.
6. spithameea : either villous or pubescent when young, at length glabrous;
cauline and floral leaves either 3-5-cleft, or linear and entire ; heads spicate-
racemose.—A. borealis fl. Adamsii (leaves 3-5-cleft; peduncles hairy), &fv.
Schangini (cauline leaves entire and linear), B e s s , in D C . 1. c. A. spitha-
masa, P u rsh ! fl. 2. p. 522. (At length glabrous throughout; cauline and
floral leaves linear, entire!)
' Arctic America! from Greenland! (var. y.) and Labrador! (<5.) to the
NorthWest Coast! the Rocky Mountains! and Oregon! Also Keweena
Point, Lake Superior, D r . H o u g h to n!—A span high.
4. A . C anadensis (Michx.): perennial (or biennial ?), glabrous or canescent
; radical and lower cauline leaves 2-pinnately divided, petioled; the
upper 3-7-divided, sessile ; the segments linear or linear-lanceolate ; heads
(rather large) hemispherical or subglobose, in paniculate racemes; scales of
the involucre ovate or oval, with scarious margins.—M ic h x .! fl. 2. p. 129 ;
N u t t . ! g en . 2. p . 144. A. campestris, P u rsh , fl. 2. p . 521 (ex N u tt.) ;
R ic h a rd s , a p p x . F r a n k l. jo u rn . ed . 2. p . 30. A. desertorum, y - v , B e s s .! in
H o o k . 1. c. A commutata, B e ss, in D C . 1. c. (at least as to the American
plant.) A. peucedanifolia, “ / mss. h e r b .; B e ss. D ra c . n. 33 ;” D C . ! 1. c. A.
Pacifica, N u tt, in trans. A m e r. p h il. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 399.
Shores of the Great Lakes, from the St. Lawrence River to Lake Superior
! and west to Missouri! Upper Platte ! and Oregon ! extending north to
Hudson’s Bay ! and to the Arctic Circle.—Plant 1—2 or 3 feet high, erect or
ascending, considerably variable, if all the Western forms really belong to
this species; sometimes nearly glabrous except the young radical leaves; but
frequently silky-canescent throughout; the leaves somewhat rigid. The
heads also vary in size, but are larger than the following species.
5. A . ca u d a ta (Michx.): biennial? glabrous; stem erect, paniculate; upper
cauline leaves pinnately, the lower and radical (often pubescent) 2-3-pin-
nately divided; tbe segments linear-setaceous, divaricate ; racemes disposed
in a strict elongated panicle; heads (small) erect, subglobose; exterior scales
of the involucre ovate ; the inner elliptical, scarious.—M ich x . ! fl. 2. p . 129 ;
N u tt. / g en . 2. p . 144 ; E l l . sk . 2. p . 318 ; D C . 1. c.
Barren woods and sandy soil, Illinois ! and Missouri, and from the coast
of New Hampshire! and New Jersey ! to Georgia ! Aug.-Sept.—Plant 2-6
feet high, strict.
6. A . L e w i s i i : herbaceous; leaves on the sterile stems crowded, sessile,
bipinnately divided, villous (the pubescence deciduous ?); the segments linear-
filiform, spreading, entire or often 2-3-parted; heads small, few-flowered, in
a large open panicle; involucre glabrous.—A. Santonica, P u rsh , fl,. 2. p. 521.
A. variabilis y 1 Americana, B e ss, in D C . p r o d r . 6. p. 94, &■ in Linneea, 15,
p. 94 8f 111.
Missouri, L ew is , (also herb. M ich a u x .) Sandy places between Fort Gibson
and Fort Smith, Arkansas, D r . E n g e lm a n n !— The specimen of Dr. Engel-
mann consists of a young leafy stem, and a panicle of the former year. The
leaves of the former are not unlike those of A. caudata, but villous ; those of
the latter are small, pinnately 3-5-divided, glabrous ; the segments setaceous.
Involucre apparently glabrous; the inner scales ovate, with scarious margins.
7. A . f ilifo lia (Torr.): canescent; stems very numerous from a thick
woody base, paniculate at the summit; leaves much crowded or fascieled,
vol. ii.—53