y. puhescens (Hook.! 1. c .) : stem and leaves hirsute throughout with a
spreading pubescence.
Prairies and open plains, Missouri, N u tta ll! M r . Nicollet! Sec. St. Croix
dviver, D r . H o u g h to n ! Saskatchawan, D rummond! and throughout the
woody country to lat. 64°, Richardson! Also in Oregon near the Rocky
Mountains, N u tta ll! &yc. and on Lewis River, M r . Tolmie! /?. Missouri,
N u tta ll. to Arctic America, R ichardson! y. Prairies in the Rocky Moun-
tains (lat. 52°), Drum m o n d ! July-Aug.—Stems 10 inches to 2 feet high,
often several from the same root; the lower portion, as well as the radical
leaves often entirely glabrous : the upper cauline leaves usually small and
Matterech lanceoiate or nearly linear, pointed. Heads about as large as in
L. belhdifolmm, or sometimes nearly equalling those of E. speciosum, to
which this species is evidently allied. Rays pale purple or blue, sometimes
nearly white.—The pubescence is exceedingly variable, and we have a full
senes of specimens, connecting the most hairy forms with the nearly smooth
and glabrous plant.
* * Exterior pappus of manifest, subulate or squamellate seta: rays nearly in a
single series.
23. E . pumilum (Nutt.): very hirsute throughout with spreading rigid
hairs; stems numerous from the same root, or csespitose, simple or sparingly
branched, terminated by solitary heads ; leaves entire, lanceolate or linear,
tapering to the base; the radical and lowermost linear-spatulate, tapering into
a petiole; rays somewhat in a double series, twice the length of the very
hirsute involucre ; achenia sparsely hairy; exterior pappus setaceous-subuvery
sKort-—Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 147, Spin trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c .:
DC. prodr. 5. p . 286. E. hirsutum, Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 742, not of Lour
Upper Missouri, Bradbury! Nuttall! Mr. Nicollet! and plains of the
Platte near the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! May-June.—Stems 6-10 inches
high, rather stout, clothed like the leaves with almost hispid hairs, simple or
forked, or rarely divided into 3 or 4 branches, naked at the summit, bearing
single heads nearly as large as those of E. alpinum. Leaves rather rigid ;
the lowest 2-3 inches long, including the margined petiole, 2-3 lines wide
near the apex. Rays white., Bristles of the inner pappus 15-20, scabrous,
slightly shorter than the corolla; the exterior rather fewer, very short, but
forming a distinct outer series.—In Nuttall’s Genera, the pappus is said to be
“ double, the internal short, about 12-rayed” : in Mr. Nuttall’s recent memoir
it is said to be single, of about 20 rays. The exterior pappus is abundantly
manifest in all the specimens we have examined.
24. E . concinnum: very hirsute throughout with long spreading hairsstems
several from the same root or caudex, slender, leafy, branching above •
the branches or peduncles terminated by single heads; leaves narrowly
linear, elongated, entire, attenuate at the base, the lowermost tapering into a
petiole ; rays narrowly linear, numerous (about 50), in a single series, twice
the length of the very hirsute involucre; achenia (immature) hirsute ; ex-
tenor pappus setose-squamellate.—Distasis ? concinna, Hook. Sr Am . ! bot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 350. '
Snake River, below the Salmon Falls in the Snake Country” (interior
of Oregon), ikZr. Tolmie!—Stems about a span high; the plant hoary or
canescent with the hirsute pubescence, resembling the preceding species, but
much more slender throughout. Heads about the size of a Daisy ; the rays
in the dried specimens bright blue. Inner pappus of 8-10, or more commonly
12-15, hispid-scabrous bristles, nearly the length of the corolla: the exterior
fewer, somewhat chaff-like, squamellate-subulate (as in Chrysopsis), forming
a distinct outer pappus, rather shorter than the ovary. Receptacle areo-
late. Appendages of the style, as in all the genus, very short and obtuse.
§ 4. Rays very numerous, nearly or quite in a single series, longer than the
involucre: pappus manifestly double ; the exterior very short, subulate or
squamellate, or almost coroniform ; the interior of few somewhat deciduous
bristles, often caducous or wanting in the ra y : achenia 2-nerved: annual
or biennial.—P halacroloma, Cass. (Stenactis, DC. partly, excl. char.*)
* Pappus o f the ray and disk similar. (Erigeron § Oligotrichium, Nutt!)
25. E . tenue: branched from the base, minutely strigose or scabrous;
stems slender, ascending or erect, bearing few (1-9) small heads on slender
peduncles; leaves "short, with minutely ciliate and scabrous margins ; the
radical ones spatulate-oblong, somewhat lyrately toothed or sparingly lobed,
on slender petioles; the lower cauline mostly oblong-linear, entire; rays
very narrow and numerous, twice the length of the almost glabrous involucre;
inner pappus of 12-20 rather fragile bristles.—E. quercifolium, (Nutt.!)
DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 285, certainly not of Lam.
Prairies, and banks of rivers, Arkansas, Nuttall ! Louisiana, Dr. Carpenter
! Dr. Hale! Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Drummond ! April-June.—
(|) or 2J ? Stems slender, 5-10 inches high, pubescent near the base.
Leaves somewhat glabrous, the lower about an inch long. Heads smaller
than in E. quercifolium, when several in number somewhat corymbose ; the
peduncles slightly thickened at the summit. Rays purplish, very slender,
more than 100 in number, but nearly or quite in a single series. Inner pappus
similar in the disk and ray, of 12 to 20 slender rather fragile scabrous
bristles; the exterior very manifest, setaceous-squamellate, much shorter
than the slightly pubescent achenia.
26. E . diver gens: somewhat hoary with a minute hirsute pubescence,
diffusely branched from the base; leaves small, entire, acute; the radical
somewhat spatulate, narrowed into a short petiole; the cauline. scattered,
sessile, linear, narrowed at the base ; heads (small) mostly solitary terminating
the naked branchlets or peduncles; rays very narrow and numerous,
twice the length of the hirsute involucre ; inner pappus of few (8-12) very
slender and deciduous bristles.—Erigeron (Oligotrichium) divaricatum, Nutt. !
in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 311, not of Michx.
Rocky Mountains, and plains of the interior of Oregon, Nuttall! — (l)
Stems about a foot high, diffuse, ascending, slender, at length much branched.
Leaves half an inch to an inch long, 1 to 2 lines wide, mucronate-acute.
Heads rather smaller than in E. tenue ; the rays (white, Nutt.) nearly similar
; the exterior pappus shorter.
* * Inner pappus o f the ray almost or entirely wanting. (Phalacroloma, Cass., proper.)
27. E. annuum (Pers.): sparsely hirsute or hispid with more or less
spreading hairs; stem corymbosely branched above; leaves coarsely and
sharply serrate-toothed; the radical and lowermost ovate, obtuse, tapering
into a margined petiole; the others ovate-lanceolate, sessile, acute and entire
at each end; the uppermost lanceolate, mostly entire ; rays very narrow, not
twice the length of the sparsely setose-hispid involucre.—Pers. syn. 2. p.
431; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 20. E. heterophyllum, Muhl. ! in Willd.
spec. 3. p. 1956 ; Pers. 1. c .; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 534 ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 148 ;
Bart. veg. mat. med. t. 21; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 472. E. strigosum,
* None of the North American species of De Candolle’s Stenactis accord with his
generic character, in which the simple pappus of the ray is said to be similar to the
irnier pappus of the disk; and it is equally at variance with the character given by
Nees. The two Asiatic species belong to Stenactis, of Nees.