50. CENTAURIDIUM.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers about 20, ligulate, pistillate; those
of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre' subglobose ; the scales (few) closely
imbricated in 2-3 series, appressed, coriaceous at the base, the upper herbaceous
portion dilated rhombic-ovate, cuspidate or mucronate ; the inner with
scarious margins. Receptacle flat, strongly fimbrilliferous; the subulate
fimbrilte nearly the length of the achenia. Corolla of the disk somewhat
dilated above, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style (in the disk-flowers)
subulate-filiform, hispid, 3-4 times the length of the linear-oblong flat stig-
matic portion. Achenia short, obovoid-turbinate, obscurely 4-sided, minutely
appressed-pubescent. Pappus persistent, spreading when old, composed
of 10 subulate-filiform rigid bristles, which are flattened and dilated towards
the base, minutely scabrous above, longer than the corolla (of the disk) and
twice the length of the achenia, 10 similar but smaller ones nearly one-half
shorter, and usually about 5 still smaller and exterior.—An annual or biennial
glabrous herb ; the stem and fastigiate branches slender, rather thickly
clothed with linear-lanceolate 1-nerved cuspidate-acute alternate leaves with
scabrous margins, and terminated by solitary small heads. Flowers apparently
light yellow.
C. Drummondii.
Texas, Drummond ! Dr. Riddell!—Plant 20-30 inches high; the virgate
branches minutely scabrous. Leaves erect,-pale, about an inch long, sessile,
the lower sometimes very slightly serrate. Heads half an inch in diameter;
the rays linear-lanceolate, elongated. Fimbrillee of the receptacle white,
chaffy, united only at the base, setaceous, not unlike the pappus. Achenia
about a line and a half long, all fertile, but those of the ray often larger than
the others, or perhaps maturing earlier; the setiform-subulate definite pappus
radiate-spreading in fruit. Heads in appearance not unlike some species
of Centaurea.
51. GRINDELIA. Willd. mag. nat. Berl. 1807, p. 261; Dunal, mem.
mus. Par. 5. p. 48; DC. prodr. 5. p. 314.
Donia, R. Br. (1813)—Demetria, Lagasca, (1814.)
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single series
(or very rarely wanting); those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre
hemispherical or subglobose ; the scales numerous and imbricated in. several
series. Receptacle flat, foveolate. Corolla of the ray elongated; of the disk
tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed. Branches of the style linear, rather
acute, the hairy appendages as long as the stigmatic portion. Achenia ob-
ovate or oval, somewhat angled, glabrous. Pappus of few (2-8) rigid or corneous
bristles or awns, very deciduous.—Perennial, biennial ? or suffruticose
plants (all American, and chiefly Mexican); with the stems mostly branched.
Leaves entire or serrate, somewhat pellucid-punctate or reticulate-punctate ;
the radical ones usually spatulate; the cauline sessile or partly clasping.
Heads solitary at the extremity of the branches; the involucre, and often the
branchlets, as well as the (yellow) corolla, &c. covered with a glutinous varnish,
particularly when young. Disk-flowers sometimes infertile.
1. G. cuneifolia (Nutt.) : herbaceous ? glabrous ; leaves entire (the lower
unknown), cuneate-oblong, or the uppermost linear-oblong, mucronate-acute,
partly clasping, somewhat fleshy, pellucid-(reticulate-) paniculate; heads
(rather large) leafy at the base ; scales of the involucre with linear-subulate
recurved-squarrose appendages ; pappus of 5 or 6 short and stout nearly terete
bristles.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c. G. squarrosa (S. fol. sub-
integ. carnosula opaca, Hook. Am . hot. Beechey, p. 147.
California, at St. Barbara, Nuttall!—Mr. Nuttall obtained only imperfect
specimens, and thinks the plant may perhaps be only a variety of G. gluti-
nosa. The thick awns of the pappus are considerably shorter than the
corolla, and not at all angled or scabrous.
2. G. inuloides (Willd.): stem suffruticose at the base, branching and
pubescent or hirsute-pubescent above; cauline leaves ovate-oblong, rather
glabrous, broader and cordate at the base, partly clasping, obtuse or rather
acute, evenly serrate-toothed ; scales of the involucre glabrous, produced into
linear-subulate spreading or recurved appendages; bristles of the pappus
1-3.— Willd. 1. c. p. 261, Sf enum. 2. p. 894; Dunal! 1. c. t. 15; Bot. reg.
t. 248 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 315 ; Hook.! bot. mag. t. 3737. G. pubescens,
Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 74. G..spathulata, Link, enum., ex DC.
Aster spathulatus, Hort. Madr.! &fc. - Demetria spathulata, Lagasca, elench.
hort. Madr. (1814) p. 20. Inula-serrata, Pers.
18. branches, leaves, and involucre glandular-hairy. Hook. fi. Bor.-Am.
2. p. 25, under Donia.
y. leaves ovate-oblong or elliptical, obtuse ; the upper finely pectinately
serrate, mostly tipped with glands; achenia of the disk often sterile.—G. mx-
crocephala, DC. I. c.? (which is said to have a pappus of 4-5 bristles.)
Texas, Belandier! Drummond! (a. & y.) Arkansas, Nuttall! /?. Sources
of the Wahlamet, Douglas, ex Hook. Aug.-Oct.—Sent many years ago
by Sess6 from Mexico to the Botanic Garden of Madrid ; not uncommon in
cultivation.
3. G. hirsutula (Hook. & Arn.): stem herbaceous, glabrous below, hairy
towards the summit; cauline leaves sessile and partly clasping, oblong, obtuse,
sharply serrate-toothed, the younger pubescent; inner scales of the involucre
glutinous, appressed ; the exterior tomentose-pubescent, squarrose ;
bristles of the pappus 2-3.—Hook. <fy- Arn. ! bot. Beechey, p. 147, Sf suppl.
p. 351; DC. prodr. 7. (mantiss.) p.278. G. rubricaulis, DC. prodr. 5. p. 316.
California, Capt. Beechey, Douglas!—Stem and elongated nearly simple
branches purplish. Leaves rigid, 1-3 inches long, narrowly oblong, the
lower oblong-spatulate, reticulate-punctate.
4. G. robusta (Nutt.): very glabrous; stem herbaceous; leaves oblong,
very obtuse, coarsely serrate, cordate-clasping ; involucre leafy at the base;
the scales produced into recurved-squarrose subulate-linear appendages;
pappus of 2 (or more ?) bristles.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.)
7.p. 314.
St. Pedro, California, Nuttall! April.—A very stout and robust species,
about 18 inches high, apparently biennial. Leaves about an inch broad, one
and a half [to 2 inches] long. Heads very large, more than twice the size of
those of G. squarrosa, which this species much resembles; but the leaves are
broadest at the base. Nutt.
5. G. squarrosa (Dunal): herbaceous or nearly so, glabrous; stem corym