more showy and corymbose. Leaves lanceolate or linear. Flowers yellow;
the rays often spotted with purple at the base : anthers brown.
1. M. elegans (DC.) : stem and leaves hispid with glandless and glandu-
liferous hairs intermixed. DC.! not. 7. pl.rar. Genev.p. 17, <§• prodr. 5. p.
692; Hook. Sf Am . ! hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 355 ; Hook. hot. mag. t. 3548.
Madia elegans, Don, in hot. reg. t. 1458. M. viscosa, p. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am,.
2.jp. 24.
California! and Oregon ! Common in cultivation.—Rays linear-cuneate,
spotted with purple at the base, acutely 3-cleft at the apex.
2. M. corymbosa (DC.) : stem and involucre hispid with glandless and
glanduliferous hairs intermixed; leaves linear, villous, somewhat hispid,
glandless. (Varies with the glands many, or very few.) DC.! 1. c.; Hook.
Sf Am . 1. c. ; Endl. iconogr. t. 36. M. racemosa, Nutt.! in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. 1. c.
P- ? hispida (DC. 1. c .): stem, leaves, and involucre hispid with spreading
hairs, all of them glandless.
California and Oregon!—Rays sometimes with a brown spot at the base,
3-cleft at the apex.
142. MADIA. Molina, Chit. ; Cav. ic. 3. p . 50, t. 298 ; DC. 1. c.
Madia & Madorella, Nutt.
Heads usually many-flowered; the ray-flowers 5-12, ligulate, pistillate, in
a single series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the subglobose
involucre in a single series, as many as the rays, carinate-complicate and enclosing
their achenia. Receptacle flat, naked, except the margin, which is
furnished with 1-2 series of chaffy scales, usually more or less united. Corolla
with a pubescent tube; the rays slightly exserted. Branches of the
style in the disk-flowers lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the margins minutely
hispid. Achenia of the ray and disk similar, compressed, nearly straight,
oblong-obovate, glabrous (minutely and closely striate), destitute of pappus,
usually more or less one-nerved or angled on each side.—Annual or biennial
hairy and glandular herbs (natives of Chili, California, & Oregon); with oblong
or linear sessile or partly clasping entire or denticulate leaves; the lowest
often opposite, the others alternate. Heads bracteate, sessile, or on short
peduncles, somewhat racemose. Flowers pale yellow: anthers brown.
1. M. saliva (Molina): villous and glandular throughout; leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate; heads many-flowered, mostly racemose and pedunculate
; achenia manifestly 1-2-angled on each side.—DC. not. 7. pi. rar.
Genev., 8fmem. soc. Genev. 7. p. 277, prodr. 5. p. 691 ; Hook. \ Am . bol.
Beechey, suppl. p. 355 ; Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 387.
M. viscosa, Cav. 1. c .; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 24, in part. M. mellosa,
Jacq. hort. Schcenb. 3. t. 302. Sclerocarpus gracilis, Smith, in Rees, cycl.,
ex Hook. 8f Am . 1. c.
13. congesta: heads clustered at the summit of the stem and branches.—M.
congesta, Nutt.! 1. c.
Oregon! and California! doubtless indigenous. Also a native of Chili,
where it is cultivated for the oil yielded by its seeds.
2. M. racemosa: hirsute, the stem and linear mostly acute leaves scarcely
glandular; heads racemose, many-flowered; involucre glandular; ray-
achenia flat, not at all (or obscurely) angled on the sides.—Madorella racemosa,
Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
Oregon, near the Wahlamet, Nuttall! Fort Vancouver, Mr.Tolmie !—A
more slender plant than the preceding, 12 to 20 inches high ; the stem spar-
ingly glandular at the summit; the leaves clothed with short somewhat ap-
pressed hairs, sometimes glandular-denticulate. Rays 8-12, rather conspicuous
; the disk-flowers several. The ray-achenia are flat and even on the
sides; but those of the disk are more or less 1-nerved or angled: and the
preceding species presents such diversities that we are not very sure that this
is entirely distinct from it. The style accords with M. sativa.
3. M. dissitiflora: stem, as well as the lanceolate-linear leaves, hirsute-
pubescent; the branches glandular; heads scattered,few-flowered ; scales of
the involucre 5-8, very glandular ; achenia all flat, and scarcely or not at all
angled on the sides.—Madorella dissitiflora, Nutt. 1 1. c.
Blue Mountains and plains of Oregon, Nuttall!—A slender twiggy plant,
6 to 15 inches high; the heads scarcely 3 lines in diameter, with inconspicuous
rays. Disk-flowers 3-6. Style as in M. sativa.
143. AMIDA. Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p . 390.
Heads few-(2-6-) flowered; the flowers either all tubularaDd perfect (the
corolla with a cylindrical pubescent tube, and a very short scarcely dilated
5-toothed limb), or one or two of them pistillate and radiate, with a very small
cuneiform and 3-lobed li'gule. Involucre oblong, subtended by 2-3 linear
bracts; the scales as many as the flowers, carinate-cymbiform, nearly
straight, each nearly ■ enclosing an achenium, all more or less united with
each other by their inner margins. Receptacle small, somewhat punctate.
Branches of the style in the perfect flowers oblong, obtuse, slightly hairy.
Achenia linear-oblong, straight or slightly incurved, compressed-3—4-angled,
glabrous (minutely striate), destitute of pappus, terminated by a sessile areola.—
Annual slender hirsute and glandular herbs (indigenous to the plains of
the interior of Oregon and of the Saskatchawan), with the aspect of Madia ;
the leaves linear, sessile, entire ; the small heads irregularly clustered (2-5
together) in the axils and on the somewhat corymbose branches. Flowers
pale yellow, scarcely exserted beyond the involucre.
These plants are, as it were, singularly reduced. Madias ; in which, as the flowers
form but a single verticil, the involucral scales supply the place of the chaff of the
receptacle. In both species the flowers vary from 2 (both perfect), when the involucre
is compressed, to 3, 5, or rarely 6, when the involucre presents as many carinate
lobes and strong re-entering angles. This genus presents the only instance in which
a plant of the division Madieae has been found east of the Rocky Mountains, or of
the Andes. Mr. Nuttall doubtless was not aware that his A. hirsuta is the Madia
glomerata, Hook.; or he would have adopted that name for the species.
1. A . gracilis (Nutt.! 1. c .): scabrous-hirsute with appressed hairs; leaves
narrowly linear, ciliate with a few spreading bristles near the base.
Rocky Mountain plains and prairies of the Oregon, Nuttall!—Stem about
a foot high, slender, rigid, mostly simple; with the clusters of heads often
axillary, and smaller than in the following.