than A. longifolius, Lam.) is the A. junceus, A it .: we have specimens
many years since cultivated under that name in the Liverpool botanic
garden.
90. A . squarrulosus (Nees): stem corymbose-decompound; the branches
erect, corymbose at the summit; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, somewhat
clasping, sharply serrate in the middle, the upper surface scabrous next the
margins; scales of the ovate involucre narrow, imbricated, with recurved
summits. Nees. Ast. p. 86; DC. prodr. 5. p. 239. A. mutabilis, Linn. ?
ex Nees. A. spectabilis, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2048, Sf enum. 2. p. 886, fide
Nees ; not of Ait. A. recurvatus, Spreng. in Schrad. jour. hot. 2. p. 195,
ex Nees.
fi. albiflorus (Nees, 1. c .) : taller; rays white becoming somewhat violet;
the disk at length deep purple.
North America.—Stem glabrous below. Leaves pale green. Achenia
somewhat pubescent. Yaries with the lower leaves lanceolate and rather
broad, or all linear-lanceolate and narrow. Nees.—Under A. eminens, Nees
remarks that his A. squarrulosus is perhaps only a variety of that species,
but that they have retained their characters in cultivation for many years.
The heads of A. squarrulosus are also said to be larger than those of A. eminens,
but the rays narrower.—We have met with no native specimens : if it
be the A. mutabilis, Linn, it has been in cultivation for more than a century.
The plant from the Berlin garden has rather large loosely corymbose heads ;
the scales of the obovate involucre loosely imbricated in 2-3 series, linear,
acute, nearly equal; the exterior herbaceous except the very base ; the
inner more membranaceous; all loose and at length somewhat squarrose-
spreading. Achenia narrow, puberulent-scabrous. The cauline leaves are
3 to 4 inches long, 6 to 10 lines wide ; the lower narrowed at the base. It
appears like a mere variety of A. longifolius.—From this, A. argutus, Nees,
of unknown origin (described from specimens cultivated in the gardens of
Bonn and Breslau), seems not greatly to differ.
91. A . asper (Nees): stem paniculate-compound above, glabrous, rough
with minute tubercles; the branches racemose-corymbose; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, partly clasping, scabrous above, all serrate in the
middle; scales of the involucre imbricated, with squarrose-spreading summits.
Nees, Ast. p . 84.
North America ? Described from specimens derived originally from the
Berlin botanic garden.—Leaves thick, firm, deep green; the cauline considerably
attenuate at the base, the margins undulate-reflexed, with 3-6 distant
acute teeth in the middle; the apex produced into a long entire acuminate
point. Involucre turbinate, half the length of the disk; the scales
imbricated in a triple series, linear-spatulate, ciliate; the base appressed,
with broad membranaceous margins; the rather obtuse summit green, thick -
ish, squarrose-spreading, somewhat 3-nerved. Rays copious, almost in a
double series, pale blue or lilac : the disk yellow, turning brownish. Achenia
obovate-cuneiform, obsoletely puberulent. Nees.—The species is arranged
near A. Novi-Belgii.
92. A . brumalis (Nees): stem glabrous, racemose'; the heads somewhat
solitary on the branches; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, partly clasping,
sharply appressed-serrate in the middle, the margins scabrous; scales of the
involucre loose, somewhat equal. Nees, Ast. p. 70; DC. prodr. 5. p. 236.
A. laevigatas, Lam. diet. 1. p. 307, fide Nees. A. Novi-Belgii & A. serotinus
(partly), Willd. spep. 3. p . 2048, \ enum. 2. p. 886, fide Nees.
North America ? (Indigenous on the banks of the Main near Sickerhau-
sen ; probably derived from North America. Nees.) Oct.-Nov.—Primordial
leaves spatulate, entire, glabrous, with a short and broad petiole, half an inch
long; the succeeding oblong and oblong-lanceolate, clasping by the narrowed
base ; the margin entire or remotely denticulate, somewhat shining, obtuse,
with a mucronate point; the others lanceolate, acute, serrulate with minute
appressed callous teeth. Heads large: rays blue. Achenia puberulent.
Nees.—According to Nees, this is the A. Novi-Belgii of many gardens: it
has been, perhaps, derived from that species.
93. A . luxurious (Nees) : stem paniculate ; the branches corymbose-racemose
at the summit ; branchlets bearing single heads; leaves oval-oblqng or
lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, clasping, sharply serrate in the
middle, scabrous and glaucescent above ; scales of the involucre loosely imbricated,
linear-lanceolate, acute. Nees, Ast. p. 83 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 238.
A. prenanthoides, Nees, synops. p. 23 ; Link, enum-. 2. p. 330.
/3. stem more compound, and more hairy in lines. Nees, l. c.—A. luxuri-
ans, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 538 (excl. syn.), ex Nees.
North America? Sprengel. (Nees, probably supposing this to be the
A. Novi-Belgii of Pursh as well as of Nuttall, has copied from the former
the habitat : “ In hedges and old fields, New England to Virginia; Aug.-
Oct.”, although the synonym of Pursh is not adduced. He states also that
he has seen native specimens from Virginia.)—Root creeping, stoloniferous.
Stem 2 feet or more in height, glabrous or more or less hirsute with decurrent
lines, with spreading branches at the summit ; the branches corymbose-divided
; the branchlets spreading, leafy, bearing single heads. Leaves approximate,
2i to 3 inches long, an inch wide, sharply but not coarsely serrate in
the middle, sessile and somewhat clasping by the narrowed base, smooth
and paler beneath, densely but obsoletely reticulated with slender veins;
those of the branches and branchlets similar to the cauline ones, but diminished
in size, less tapering at the base, and entire. Heads, including the
lilac (at length deep violet) rays, an inch in diameter. Involucre shorter
than the disk ; the scales in several series, erect-imbricate, thickish, unequal,
linear-lanceolate, rather broad, acute, the base and ciliate margin thin and
whitish, with a spatuliform herbaceous disk. Achenia glabrous. Nees.—
This appears, as well from the description as from our imperfect (cultivated)
specimens, to be perhaps too closely allied to our A. præaltus.
94. A. adulterinus (Willd.) : stem paniculate-decompound from the base;
the branches corymbose-racemed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate,
clasping, smooth, the margin scabrous ; scales of the obovate involucre somewhat
equal, spatulate-lanceolate, squarrose, enlarged after flowering. Nees.—
Willd. enum. 2. p. 884 ; Nees, Ast. p. 85 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 238.
North America. Sept.—Stem 1J to 2 feet high, hairy in decurrent lines.
Leaves lanceolate, clasping, somewhat shining, the lower slightly serrate,
with scabrous margins ; those of the branchlets nearly linear, squarrose-
spreading. Scales of the involucre linear-cuneate, squarrose-spreading.
Rays pale'violet ; the disk yellow, turning brownish. Willd.—Heads middle
sized, at first white, then pale violet. Achenia glabrous. Perhaps a
variety of A. Novi-Belgii. Nées.—The A. adulterinus, Hook. jl. Bor.-Am.
from the coast of Oregon (Dr. Scouler !) is probably a different species ; but
the specimens are insufficient for satisfactory determination. Our specimen
of A. adulterinus from the Berlin garden differs very little from the A. tardi-
florus from the same and other gardens.
95. A. tardiflorus (Linn. ? Nees) : stem glabrous, divaricate-corymbose ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, obliquely clasping, serrate towards the apex, the
margins scabrous ; those of the branchlets obtuse ; scales of the involucre
imbricated, squarrose-spreading, thick ; the èxterior often elongated and somewhat
radiant. Nees.—Linn. spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. 1231, ex descr. (but according
to Lindley, the plant of tlqe Linn*an herbarium is A. patulus, Lam.) ; Ait.
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 209 ? Willd. spec. 3. p. 2049 ; Nees, Ast. p. 78 ; DC. !
prodr. 5. p. 238. A. tardiflorus ft. cæspitosus, Lindl. ! in DC. 1. c. A.