pappus evidently plumose, or minutely and densely plumose-barbellate.
—E uliatris. (Euliatris & Suprago, DC.)
* Inner scales of the (A-b-flcwered) involucre longer than the corolla, produced into a
dilated and ligvlate colored appendage: pappus very plumose. (Calostelma, Don.)
1 . L . elegans (Willd.) : stem and involucre villous-pubescent; leaves
glabrous, punctate; the radical ones spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5-nerved ;
the upper cauline ones linear, short, spreading or reflexed, often mucronate ;
spike or raceme virgate, dense; the pedicels bracteolate, often very short;
scales of the involucre 10—12, glandular ; the appendages of the inner ones
ovate or lanceolate (bright purple or sometimes white), spreading; acbenia
villous.— W illd .' spec': 3. p. 1635; Michx.! fl. 2. p. 91 ; Bot. reg. t. 267 ;
Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 132; Ell. sk. 2. p. 279 ; DC.! prodr. 5. p- 129. Stashe-
lina elegans, Walt. ! Car. p. 202. Serratula speciosa, A it.! Kew. (ed. 1)
3. p . 138. Eupatorium speciosum, Vent. hort. Cels. t. 79.
/3. raceme compound (doubtless an accidental or occasional state).
Dry barren soil, Virginia to Florida! Louisiana! and Texas! Aug.-
Sept.—Stem 3-5 feet high, strict. Spike or raceme compact, a foot or more
in length. Bristles of the pappus about 18, in a single series.
* * Scales of the involucre very numerous and imlricated in several series, without pe-
taloid appendages: heads (few) cylindrical or slightly davate, many- (20—60-)
flowered: lobes of the corolla hirsute within; pappus very plumose.
2. L . squarrosa (Willd.): pubescent or hairy; or nearly glabrous, very
leafy ; leaves linear, elongated, rigid, scarcely punctate ; the lower ones 3-5-
nerved ; the radical very long; heads few (sometimes solitary), sessile or on
short pedicels, many-flowered ; scales rigid, eiliate, not punctate, with more
or less elongated and pointed foliaceous spreading extremities; the inner
ones mucronate-acuminate ; the outermost often bracteolate and resembling
the upper leaves; achenia minutely pubescent.— Willd.! 1. c .; Michx.! fl.
2 p. 92; Ell. ! sk. 2. p . 282; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 306 ; DC. ! prodr.
b. p. 129. Cirsium tuberosum &c., Dill. Elth. t. 7 1 ,/. 82. Serratula
squarrosa, Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 818. Fteronitt Garoliniana, Walt.! Car.
p . 292. . .
13. Jloribunda : heads numerous (20 or more), in a somewhat paniculate
or branched raceme ; the pedicels, or rather branches, elongated and leafy.
y. compacta: glabrous; leaves crowded, very narrow; heads several,
closely sessile, approximate; scales of the involucre lanceolate, with long
mucronate points, all erect; the exterior linear and resembling the uppermost
leaves. .
<5. intermedia (DC.): mostly hairy; heads (1-5) turbinate-cylindrical, pe-
dicellate ; exterior scales of the involucre elongated and foliaceous, erect; the
interior acute, scarcely or not at all squarrose.—-L. intermedia, LindL bot.
948. ,
Dry barren or sandy soil, Upper Canada! to Florida! and Texas! (y.
Arkansas, Dr. Leavenworth!) July—Sept.—Stem 1—3 feet high, often nearly
glabrous, sometimes almost hirsute, as well as the leaves and involucre.
Heads about an inch long; the points of the upper scales often purplish.
Flowers bright purple. Bristles of the pappus 18—20, often purplish. The
var. y. is the most remarkable form; but in the ordinary plant the scales are
sometimes erect. Through the not uncommon var. <5. this species seems almost
to pass into L. cylindracea, which however it is perhaps safer to consider
distinct.—Blazing Star. Button Snake-root. Rattle-snake's-master. (One
of the popular antidotes for the bite of the Rattle-snake.)
3. L. cylindracea (Michx.): glabrous or slightly hairy; stems low, leafy;
leaves linear, rigid, scarcely punctate, mostly 1-nerved"; heads (1-7, rarely
12) turbinate-cylindrical, sessile or pedicellate, 16—20-flowered ; the scales of
the involucre all short and appressed, with rounded or obtuse abruptly mu-
cronulate tips, often eiliate, not punctate ; achenia pubescent.—Michx. ! fl.
2-p- 93; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 275 ; DC. 1. c. ; notof Pursh. L. stricta, MacNab !
in Edinb. phil.jour. 19, p. 60.
Dry woods and prairies, Michigan ! (and N. W. Territory, Dr. Houghton
!) Upper Canada ! Illinois! Missouri! &c., apparently nearly confined
to ihe Western States. Julv-Sept.—Stem 6—18 inches high. Heads about
an inch long; the exterior Scales of the involucre commonly very short, rarely
somewhat prolonged or foliaceous. Flowers bright purple.
* * * Scales of the (b-ZO-flowered) involucre without petaloid appendages: lobes of the
corolla glabrous within.
t Pappus evidently plumose to the naked eye: heads 3-6-flowered.
4. L. punctata (Hook.) : stems several from the same tuberous-fusiform
root, stout, nearly glabrous, very leafy; leaves linear, rigid, manifestly punctate
on both surfaces with impressed dots, glabrous, the margins often remotely
eiliate with bristly hairs; heads in a dense spike (which is often leafy
towards the base), 4—6-flowered; scales of the cylindraceous involucre oblong,
conspicuously punctate, imbricated, appressed, with more or less spreading
mucronate-acuminate tips; the margins lanuginous-ciliate; achenia hairy;
pappus very plumose.—Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 306, t. 55 ; DC. 1. c. L.
cylindrica, Torr.! in ami. lyc. New York, 2. p . 210. L. resinosa, DC.!
prodr. 5. p. 129 (pi. Arkans.), not of Nutt.
p. leaves nearly all very narrowly linear; the margins remotely eiliate or
naked ; scales of the involucre narrower, tapering somewhat gradually into
a cuspidate-acuminate point, at least the inner ones; spike usually short;
stem often slender.
y. leaves conspicuously eiliate with hispid hairs ; inner scales of the involucre
purplish above.
Arid plains and prairies, Saskatchawan, Drummond, Douglas! and
throughout the country between the Upper Mississippi and the Missouri, Mr.
Nicollet! * to Arkansas, Dr. James! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. Leavenworth! and
Texas, Drummond! Aug.-Sept.—Stems 8 inches to 2 or 3 feet high,
usually several from the thick and somewhat knotted often fusiform root,
leafy to the summit. Lower leaves 3-5 inches long, slightly 3-nerved ; the
others 1-nerved, varying from 3 lines to less than a line in width, pungently
acute. Spike 3-4 to 10 inches long. Flowers reddish-purple. Bristles of
the pappus about 30, purplish or nearly white. Achenia almost villous when
young, 3-4 lines' long.—A well-marked species; the varieties we have indicated
passing into each other. Some of the specimens of the collection made
in Mr Nicollet’s expedition (our var. y.), have the margin of the leaves conspicuously
fringed with rigid jointed hairs: others are very sparsely eiliate,
_ . uk gimmes» ui up micciiei, ror an extensive eola
tio n of dried specimens, made during his survey of the country between the Upper
Missouri and the sources of the Mississippi, under the orders of the Secretary of
War. The collection was formed by Mr. Charles A. Geyer, an assiduous German
botanist who was attached to the expedition. The specimens are very complete
and in the finest preservation ; and the localities, with other particulars have been
carefully recorded by Mr. Geyer: they were chiefly gathered during the autumn
and latter part of summer; their earlier, and perhaps most interesting collections
were unfortunately lost. °