18. E . quercifolium (L am .): pubescent; stem loosely corymbose above;
radical leaves obovate-oblong, mostly lyrate-pinnatifid or deeply sinuatetoothed
; the cauline scattered, oblong-lanceolate, partly clasping, sharply
toothed, or the uppermost entire; heads small and numerous; rays innumerable,
almost capillary, twice the length of the involucre, pale purple ;
achenia minutely hairy.—Earn. ill. t. 681, ƒ. 4 ; Poir. diet. 7. p. 491 ;
Pursh! fl. 2. p. 533 ; not of DC. E. Philadelphicum? E ll.! sic. 2. p.
396; D C .! prodr. 5. p. 285; not of Linn., Willd.! Sfc. E. Philadelphicum,
Reichenb. ic. exot. t. 134 ?
Fields &c., Florida (Lamarck, Nuttall!) to Georgia! S. Carolina! and
west to Louisiana! and Mississippi! March-June.—Stem 1-2 feet high, furrowed.
Heads rather smaller than in E. Philadelphicum; the involucre,
and the (often very pale) rays resembling that species. Pappus simple.—
This is without doubt the E. quercifolium of Lamarck; and is probably
distinct from the preceding, to which some states nearly approach. The
form with sparingly toothed leaves is the E. Philadelphicum a. of De Candolle
; and that with lobed leaves is his var. quercinum.
§ 3. Rays in a double or single series, much longer than the involucre:
pappus double (both in the dish and ray) ; the exterior short, more or less
distinct, setaceous or squamellate-subulate: achenia 2—5-nerved: perennial.
— S t en a c t is , Cass, Nees, (excl. spec.) (Heterochseta, DC. ? Erigeron §
Phsenactis, &c., Nutt.)
* Exterior pappus somewhat indistinct, o f short setce, more or less intermixed with the
inner: rays in a double series.
19. E . glaucum (Ker): stems several from a persistent caudex or rhizoma,
ascending, more or less villous with soft slightly viscid hairs, simple or
sparingly branched,_ terminated by large solitary heads; leaves spatulate-
oblong, obtuse, sessile, the upper often hairy; the lowest spatulate-obovate,
somewhat 3-nerved, tapering into a margined petiole : rays very numerous
(about 100), twice the length of the pubescent or villous involucre ; achenia
sparsely hairy, 4-nerved.—Ker, bot. reg. t. 10 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 284.
(Aster Bonariensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 528.) Stenactis glauca, Nees, Ast.
p . 275. Aster Californicus, Less, in Linncea, 6. p. 121; Hook. &f A m . !
bot. Beechey, p . 146; Nees, Ast. p. 53 ; DC. prodr. 5. p.,228.
/S.' plant more villous throughout.—E. maritimum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 310. Woodvillea calendulacea, DC. prodr. 5.
p . 318 ? '
Coast of California and Oregon, Menzies! Capt. Beechey! Douglas?
Nuttall! ((3.)—Stem or caudex decumbent, sending up mostly simple
branches in the wild state, 3-12 inches high, terminated by solitary heads
as large as the Marigold (1 to nearly 2 inches in diameter including the pale
red rays), more or less pubescent or villous, as well as the involucre, with
soft spreading hairs, which are somewhat viscid towards the summit of the
stem. Leaves rather succulent; the margins of the upper ones often villous-
ciliate, and the surfaces of the uppermost also villous in var. f3.—The more
hairy variety of this plant (the rays of which appear yellowish in dried
specimens) is without much doubt the Woodvillea calendulacea of De
Candolle: no other plant of Douglas’s collection accords with the description.
We have also adopted the suggestion of Hooker Sc Arnott (Bot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 351), as to the identity of the Aster Californicus, Less,
(a less villous form of the same species), with Erigeron glaucum, Ker, of
unknown origin, supposed to come from South America; but which these
authors, apparently with good reason, suspect to have been raised from seeds
brought from California or Oregon by Mr. Menzies; whose dried specimens,
we may remark, almost entirely agree with the cultivated E. glaucum.
20. E . macranthum (Nutt.): nearly glabrous; stem leafy to the summit;
leaves glabrous, with hispidly ciliate margins, obtuse, mucronulate; the
upper oblong-ovate or elliptical, partly clasping ; the lowermost oblong-spa-
tulate, tapering into a petiole ; heads few (3-5) on simple naked peduncles ;
rays numerous, twice the length of the glabrous and slightly glandular involucre
; achenia slightly hairy, 2-nerved.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
(n. ser.) 7. p. 310.
13. leaves very acute; heads larger.—E. grandiflorum, N u tt.! in jour,
acad. Philad. 7. p. 31, not of Hook.
Sources of the Missouri, and plains of the Platte, near the Rocky Mountains,
Mr. Wyeth! Nuttall! Aug.—Leaves thickish, reticulated; the upper
about an inch long and half an inch wide. Heads smaller than in E. spe-
ciosum ; the rays blue, fewer in number. Involucre glabrous to the naked
eye, minutely glandular under a lens.—The variety with acute leaves approaches
E. speciosum, from which, indeed, it appears to be distinguished
chiefly by its glabrous involucre.
21. E . speciosum (DC.): stem glabrous below, much branched and
sparsely hispid above, leafy to the summit; leaves lanceolate, mostly acute
or acuminate, entire, hispidly ciliate, closely sessile or somewhat clasping;
the radical ones spatulate and tapering into a petiole ; heads corymbose, terminating
the leafy branchlets; rays very numerous (about 120), nearly
thrice the length of the very narrow hispid setigerous-mucronate scales of
the involucre; achenia minutely hairy, 2-4-nerved.—DC.! prodr. 5. p. 284,
Sf 7. (mant.) p. 274. Stenactis speciosa, Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1577; Hook,
bot. mag. t. 3607.
/?. stem often simple, bearing' few heads; leaves narrowly lanceolate,
cuspidate-acuminate.—E. speciosum, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.,
chiefly. E. glabellum y. mucronulatum, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 19.
California and Oregon, Douglas! (3. Plains of the Oregon, common,
Dr. Scouler! Douglas! Nuttall!—Stem tall and stout, furrowed. Leaves
often nearly glabrous, except the margins, 2-4 inches long. Heads (including
the showy violet-purple ray) nearly 2 inches in diameter. Scales of the
involucre attenuate, hispid with spreading -whitish hairs. Achenia 2-3-
(sometimes 4-) nerved. Pappus with short setse intermixed at the base,
forming an indistinct exterior series.
22. E . glabellum (Nutt.): stem simple, or sparingly branched and somewhat
naked above, pubescent or nearly hispid towards the summit; leaves
mostly glabrous, with ciliate and scabrous margins, entire; the upper cauline
(small) lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or mucronate-acuminate,
closely sessile or partly clasping; the lower and radical ones spatulate, with
a long tapering base or margined petiole ; heads 3-7, corymbose ; the peduncles
naked, thickened at the summit; rays very numerous (more than
100), twice the length of the narrowly linear acute canescently hispid scales
of the involucre ; achenia sparsely hispid, nearly glabrous when mature,
2-3-nerved.—Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 147, 8f in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 147 ;
Richards, appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2 . p. 30 ; Hook. ! bot. mag. t. 2923, S f
fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 19 ; DC. I l. c. (Varies, 1. with the radical leaves lanceolate,
sometimes toothed; the cauline linear ; head often solitary : 2. stem
stout; leaves larger; heads larger, 7-10, in a simple or slightly compound
corymb.)
/3. asperum: stem and leaves rough with a strigose-hirsute pubescence
(rays nearly white?).—E. asperum, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 147 ; DC. prodr. 5.
p. 286. (E. pulchellus, a. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 19 (excl. syn.), fide herb.
Greene, Sfherb. Torr.)