CONSPECTUS OF TH E SUBTRIBES AND GENERA.
Subtribe 1. C arline.®.—Heads discoid, homogamous. Anthers caudate. Pappus
mostly plumose.
168. S aussurf.a. Pappus double; the few bristles of the exterior denticulate.
Subtribe 2. C hntaurik.e .—Heads discoid; the marginal flowers mostly neutral,
usually much larger than the others. Pappus never plumose, sometimes
wanting.
169. C entaurea. Achenia compressed. Pappus of filiform bristles, or none.
1 /0. Cnicus. Achenia terete, strongly striate. Pappus triple, the exterior
10-toothed, the intermediate of 10 long bristles, the inner of 10 short
bristles. Marginal sterile flowers small.
Subtribe 3. C arduineje.—Heads discoid, homogamous, sometimes dioecious. Anthers
slightly or not at all caudate. Pappus of plumose or scabrous bristles.
1 /1 . C irstdm. Achenia smooth. Pappus plumose. Receptacle bristly.
172. C arduus. Achenia smooth. Pappus scabrous. Receptacle bristly.
173. Onopordon. Achenia rugose, 4-angled. Pappus barbellulate, united at
the base into a corneous ring. Receptacle alveolate.
174. L appa. Achenia rugose. Pappus scabrous, caducous. Receptacle setosefimbrillate.
Scales of the involucre subulate, uncinate at the apex.
Cynara Scolymus, Linn, (the Artichoke) is said by Nuttall {Gen. p. 129) to be
somewhat naturalized in some parts of Virginia.
Subtribe 1. Carl ine .*:, Cass.—Heads discoid, many-flowered, homogamous,
never dicecious. Scales of the involucre in several series, often spi-
nose. Anthers caudate; the tails hairy. Pappus usually plumose.
168. SAUSSUREA. DC. inann. mus. 16. p. 107, Syprodr. 6. p. 531.
Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all tubular, similar and perfect. Scales
of the involucre imbricated in several series, mostly not appendicUlate. Receptacle
flat, fimbrillate, or with persistent chaff. Corolla with a slender
tube and a 5-cleft limb ; the throat inflated. Anthers with setiform ciliate or
villous tails. Achenia glabrous. Pappus double; the exterior of a few
short and denticulate rigid bristles ; the interior of a series of stout plumose
bristles, which are slightly united at the base.—Herbs (natives of the colder
regions of the northern hemisphere); with alternate leaves, and usually corymbose
heads. Corolla purple or dark violet.
1 . S. alpina (DC.): leaves flat, nearly glabrous above, villous-tomentose
beneath; the lower ovate-lanceolate and somewhat toothed; the upper
oblong-lanceolate and entire; heads few in a close corymb; scales of the cy-
lindraceous involucre appressed, villous, unarmed ; the exterior shorter.
D C .! l.c.—Ledeb. ic. Alt. 1 . t. 18; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 303.
Serratula alpina, Linn. ; Engl. hot. t. 599. Circium montanum humile,
&c., Dill. Elth. t. 70. ƒ. 81.
p* densa (Hook.! 1. c .) : stem somewhat decumbent; leaves nearly glabrous,
dense, nearly all narrowly lanceolate ; corymb glomerate [inner scales
of the involucre very acute].—S. alpina fl. subacaulis, Ledeb. ic. Alt. t. 73?
y. viridis (DC. 1. c .) : leaves somewhat glabrous on both sides, elongated
lanceolate [or linear], acuminate at both ends, denticulate, shorter than the
stem [inner scales of the involucre very acute].—S. alpina, Hook. Sc A m .
hot. Beechey, p. 126. S. alpina y. remotifolia, Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p.
303. S. monticola [printed S. multiflora in 1st ed.], Richards, appx.
Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 29. S. angustifolia, DC. l.c.? (Gmel. fl. Sibir.
2. p. 78, t. 33 ?)
Arctic America; y. from Kotzebue’s Sound ! and the coast between the
Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers, nearly to the Saskatchawan, Richardson!
fl. Higher Rocky Mountains, Drummond!—The American seem
nearly to correspond with the two Siberian varieties as described by De
Candolle. The salient teeth of the leaves in Hooker’s var. fl. are sometimes
retrorse.
Subtribe 2. C e n t a u r i e s , D C .—Heads discoid, many-flowered; the
marginal flowers usually neutral, with the corolla irregular, and much larger
than the disk-flowers. Scales of the involucre imbricated, variously ap-
pendiculate. Achenia with a more or less lateral basilar areola. Pappus
pilose, setose, or chaffy, never plumose, sometimes wanting.
169. CENTAUREA. Linn. (excl. spec.); Less.; DC. prodr. 6. p. 565.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers mostly large and sterile, sometimes
wanting. Involucre imbricated, various. Receptacle setose. Achenia compressed.
Pappus occasionally wanting or nearly so, but usually composed
of scabrous filiform bristles, in one or more series, the inner often smaller
and somewhat connivent.—Herbs of varied aspect (chiefly natives of the
Mediterranean region and of Middle Asia); with alternate leaves, and
solitary heads.
§ 1 . Involucre nearly globose or depressed; the exterior scales with a coriaceo-
scarious pectinate-fringed appendage ; the inner longer andscarious : rays
much longer than the disk : pappus of rigid nearly homogeneous scabrous
bristles, somewhat in a single series, caducous : achenia with a nearly terminal
areola (natives of America!).—P l e c t o c e p h a l u s , Don.
1. C. Am e rican a (Nutt.): stem erect, striate-grooved, sparingly branched
thickened under the heads; leaves sessile,glabrous, often scabrous ; the lower
oblong-ovate, repand-toothed; the upper lanceolate, acute; head (very large)
not bracteate; scales of the involucre all with pectinate appendages; ravs
elongated; the segments very long and slender.—N u tt. ! in jou r 'a c a d
P h ila d . 2. p . 117; B a r t . f i . A m e r .-S e p t. t. 50; Colla, hart. R ip u l. 1. a.
119, t. 6 ; D C . ! p r o d r . 6. p . 575. C. Nuttallii, S p r en g . s y s t. 4 l s u w l . \ v
298. C. Mexicans, D C . l. c. I Plectocephalus Americanus, D o n , in B r i t
f l . g a r d . ser. 2. t. 51.
Western Arkansas, Louisiana, &c. Nuttall! Dr. James! Dr. Pitcher!
Dr. Leavenworth! Texas, Drummond! Common in cultivation.__(T)
Plant 2—3 feet high, with very large showy heads. Flowers pale purple.