* Exterior involucral scales spreading or squarrose.
1 . T. Dens-leonis (Desf.): at length glabrous; leaves unequally and
acutely runcinate, the lobes toothed anteriorly; scales of the involucre not
corniculate, the exterior reflexed ; achenia muricate at the summit.—DC. !
prodr. 7. p. 145. T. officinale, Vill. ; Koch, syn.Jl. Germ. Sf Helv. p. 428,
var. a. Leontodon Taraxacum, L in n .; Engl. hot. t. 510 ; Pursh, ft. 2.
p. 497 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 250 ; Hook.! ft. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 296 ; Darlingt.! ft.
Cest. p. 443.
Pastures, &c., naturalized nearly throughout the United States! Probably
native in the Northern States, and throughout British America on both
sides of the Rocky Mountains. Hook. April-Sept.—“ When the heads of
flowers first expand, the pappus is nearly sessile; as soon as the florets
shrivel, the inner series of the involucre closes for a short time, in a cylindrical
form; the beak of the achenia then becomes suddenly elongated, the
■whole involucre is reflexed, and the elevated pappus displayed in a globular
head.” Darlingt.—The following species (the characters of which we copy
from chiefly De Candolle, who keeps them distinct), as well as nearly all
the genuine Taraxaca, are not improbably correctly viewed by Fries, Koch,
and other excellent botanists, as mere varieties of this, the Common
Dandelion.
2. T. latilobum (DC.) : leaves runcinate, glabrous above, sparsely hairy
(especially on the midrib) beneath; the lobes broadly triangular, toothed anteriorly,
crowded ; scape glabrous ; scales of the involucre not corniculate ;
the exterior reflexed-spreading ; achenia muricate throughout. DC.! 1. c.
Newfoundland, Pylaie !—Very [too] near T. Dens-leonis. DC.
3. T. ceratophorum (DC.): leaves glabrous, sinuate-toothed or runcinate ;
scapes glabrous, when young tomentose at the apex ; scales of the involucre
all erect, furnished with a callous horn below the apex ; achenia mucronate
at the apex, as long as the beak. DC. 1. c.—Leontodon ceratophorum,
Ledeb. ft. Alt. 4. p. 149, Sfic.pl. Ross.-Alt. 1 . t. 34.
Uualaschka (and Kamtschatka).—Lobes of the leaves various in size ; the
larger triangulate. Head twice as large as that of T. Dens-leonis. DC.
* * Exterior involucral scales oppressed.
4. T. palustre (DC.): glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, sinuate or somewhat
runcinate, as long as the scape; scales of the involucre not corniculate; the
exterior lanceolate, acute; achenia spinellose-muricate at the apex, one-half
or one-third the length of the beak. DC. ! ft. Fr., Sf prodr. 1. c.—Leontodon
palustre, Smith, ft. Brit. 2. p. 823; Engl. hot. t. 553 ; Hook. ! ft.
Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 296. L. Taraxacum /?. salinum, E. Meyer, pi. Labrad.
p . 58. Taraxacum montanum, Nutt. ! in trans.Amer. phil. soc. 1. c. p. 430,
not of DC.
British America ! from Labrador and Hudson’s Bay to the Pacific. Also
among the Rocky Mountains, in somewhat, saline situations on the Platte,
and in the highest vallies of the Colorado of the West. Nuttall!—Varies
greatly as to the shape and toothing of the leaves.
5. 7 ’. hirsutum (Hook.): hirsute throughout; leaves pinnatifid ; the unequal
lobes acuminate, remote; scales of the involucre erect, oppressed,
clothed with fulvous hairs. Hook.! ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 296 (under Leontodon)
; DC. l.c. p. 149.
Menzies’ Island, and sandy banks of the Oregon, Douglas, Dr. Scouler.
196. PYRRHOPAPPUS. DC. prodr. 7. p. 144,
Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; the exterior of numerous linear-
subulate mostly loose and spreading scales; the interior of numerous erect
linear scales, in a smgle series, often somewhat corniculate near the apex
their margins usually more or less united. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia
oblong, somewhat terete, 5-sulcate, minutely scabrous, muricate, or rugu-
lose; the apex at length produced into a long beak. Pappus of copious and
ery soft capillary (scarcely scabrous) bristles, either reddish or fulvous—
Rerenmal ? or perhaps mostly annual or biennial nearly glabrous herbs (na f i g g M S ,„ a , „ „ Mexico, SjgH*£)
es) wiih oblong or lanceolate oflen pinnatifid or iaciniate leave,- ,i„
»mpleor branching n„ked „ the md l e „ri 'f S ’M
heads. Flowers deep yellow. S
e a f f i e ^ S l e a v ^ m o s t l y branched above;
tire; the others lanceolate acute m o s ^ n^ r !y em
the inner involucre somewhat corniculate hear t h f a p e x ^ S r i v ? °f
like the apex of the peduncle with a frJfjvSn ■ 1 1 sil£htJy caulescent,
nia minutely rugulosrtranlVrrselv r C ™ 3“ 0" 3 ; ache!
filiform beak, which is furnished with am ic u s rinv im than the
of the fulvous or at length reddish nanniK IV f/ ”ltnR^late^y at the base
l. c. p. 430 (8. ma« ,W t t PP. i I “ “ ' \ m trans- W M . phil.
PP P P , Scorzonera pinnatifida,^Michx.°!>ft. 2° p ^ ’" c h ^ r l Car'
' M m g H Carolinian a,
common. March-,Tuly—® 0r U Stem ofmn ^ and Arkansas •'
or two partly claspinf leases“ s l ^ im e s a ae nJh r 1’ Wit\ ° nly one
Flowers showy— De Candolle • Pu°escent at the base,
that the achenium has a short beak • but wheiTm^™3' 111^6 sPecirnens. states
as described by Elliott. ’ 4 1 mature it is remarkably long,
4 ' f p r C i f e M ® S .1. » .b .
shghtly canescent; pappus fulvous, furnished with aviflous J S ? 5 “ v°luCre
--N u tt.! m trans. Amer. phil. soc l c P «el Vlll°ps nngat the base. W E N ^ L n i p . *<■*-
blendcr. .p p a r e n ily 'a n n™ 'E r f ! r radScS'lem,’’' P ’’ch' r ! Eool
pinnatifid; the s u c c e e d i n g or sub'
tbe lobes lmear-oblong, sparinfly annulate t o n tW ^®ep- y Plnnatifid, with
Scape a foot high, with a sinMe small ? * ed’udlVanca,e or spreading.
.h .n in lb . Head larger
Ovary with a short beak. s yellow. Achenia not seen.
197. LACTUCA. Tourn j.ourn. minsstt. tt. 2oe6r7y ,.• Lr-in n .; Gn certn.fr. 1. 158; DC. 1. c.
-he T nMcai caiycuiate- - w -
68 ’ the eXtenor shorter- Receptacle naked.