pubescent, glandular; achenia minutely glandular.—Linn. ! spec. 2 . p. 837;
Willd .! spec. 2. p. 1751; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 98 ; Pursh! fl. 2. p . 513 ;
Ell. 1. c .; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 295; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 451; D C .!
prodr. 5. p. 151. E. truncaturn, Ell. sic. 2. p. 298.
Borders of thickets, Massachusetts! New York ! Pennsylvania! and
along the Alleghany Mountains to Georgia! and Alabama! Aug.-Sept.—
Stem 2-4 feet high, much branched above. Leaves often 6 inches long,
variable in breadth, and in the teeth (which are either fine or coarse), glabrous.
Heads, according to De Candolle, 5-12-flowered, but we have only
observed the smaller number. Lobes of the corolla ovate-lanceolate. Style
moderately exserted ; the base minutely bulbous and villous.
16. E . perfoliatum (Linn.): stem stout, very pubescent or villous-hirsute,
corymbosely branched above; leaves opposite, connate-perfoliate, divaricate,
lanceolate, elongated, tapering gradually from the base to the acuminate
apex, obtusely serrate, veiny, the veinlets reticulated beneath, rugose, pubescent,
the lower surface usually almost tomentose-pubescent and sprinkled
with resinous dots; corymb fastigiate, compound ; the heads commonly 10-
fiowered ; scales of the involucre 12-15, very pubescent, glandular, imbricated
; the inner ones linear-lanceolate, with scarious tips ; achenia glabrous
or minutely glandular.—Linn. ! spee. 2. p. 838 ; Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1761;
Pursh! 1. c .; Ell. sic. 2 . p . 302; Bigel.! med. hot. 1. p. 38, t. 2, S f f l .
Bost. ed. 2. p. 297; Raf. med. hot. t. 361 Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p . 451 ;
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p . 305 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 151.
/3. leaves glabrous above, pubescent only on the midrib and veins of the
lower surface ; heads 25-40-flowered !
y. leaves glabrous above, more or less pubescent beneath ; the upper distinct
and truncate at the base ; the uppermost frequently alternate.—E.
truncaturn, Muhl. in W illd .! spec. 3. p. 1751; not of Ell., scarcely of
DC. E. salviaefolium, Bot. mag. t. 2010.
4. smaller; leaves mostly narrowed at the base, distinct or slightly connate.—
E. cuneatum, Engelmann! mss.
Swampy grounds, Canada! Upper Missouri ! and throughout the United
States! abundant. <5. Arkansas, near Little Rock, Dr. Engelmann ! July-
Sept.—Stem 2-4 feet high. Leaves often 6-8 inches long, usually perfectly
connate at the base, where they are widest, decussate, rarely ternate and
connate in the same manner. Lobes of the corolla ovate, short.—This is the
well-known Bcmeset or Thorough-wort, so universally employed in popular
medicine. Our var. /?. may be considered as an accidental state, produced
by the confluence of several heads into one, and the scales of the involucre
are likewise increased in number. The same thing we suspect sometimes
occurs in E. sessilifolium, and perhaps in other species. The E. truncaturn
of Muhlenberg and Willdenow, according to herbarium of the latter, is nothing
more than a form of this species with the upper leaves disjoined and
smoother.
18. E . resinosum (Torr.): stem velvety-puberulent, simple, or corymbosely
branched at the summit; leaves opposite, closely sessile or partly clasping
at the base, linear-lanceolate, elongated, spreading or divaricate, attenuate-
acuminate, evenly serrate, 1-nerved, pinnately veined, nearly glabrous
above, minutely velvety-caneseent beneath, both surfaces glandular and
somewhat viscid with resinous globules; corymb fastigiate, compound;
heads glomerate, 10-15-flowered; scales of the involucre oval, obtuse, imbricated,
tomentose-canescent and glandular; achenia minutely roughened
with dark resinous globules.— Torr.! in DC. prodr 5. p. 176.
Swamps and wet soil in the pine barrens of New Jersey, near Quaker
Bridge and Wading River! Also “ Pennsylvania,” Bartram! (in herb.
Banks, under the name of E. canescens.) Aug.-Sept.—Stems terete, growing
in tufts, 2-3 feet high. Leaves 4-6 inches long, or often shorter, 4 to 5
lines wide, pale, rather membranaceous, cohering to the paper in the process
of drying, on account of the numerous resinous globules intermixed with
the close pubescence. Heads rather small, very numerous. Involucre
short. Style moderately exserted.—This very distinct and apparently very
local species was discovered in the year 1833, by one of the authors of this
work, in the pine barrens of New Jersey, where it. occurred abundantly,
but we have never received it from any other quarter. In the Banksian
herbarium, however, there is a specimen from Bartram, said to have been
collected in Pennsylvania. In habit it resembles E. leucolepis; but the
leaves are rather flaccid, and clothed with a very soft pubescence, and the
involucre is different.
t f f Leaves on slender petioles: heads 12-15-flowered.
19. E . serotinum (Michx.) : stem pulverulent-pubescent, much branched
above; leaves opposite, the upper frequently alternate, on slender petioles,
ovate-lanceolate, tapering above, acute, tripli-nerved and veiny, pubescent
or nearly glabrous, coarsely and sharply serrate; corymbs numerous, compound
; heads 12-15-flowered ; scales of the involucre 10-12, linear-oblong,
with scarious margins, very pubescent, imbricated; achenia glabrous, seldom
glandular.—Michx. ! fl. 2 . p. 100 ; E ll.! sk. 2 . p. 304 ; DC. ! prodr.
5 . p . 175.
Damp soil, N. Carolina! to Georgia! and Illinois! to Arkansas! and
Louisiana! Sept.-Oct..—Stem 5-6 feet high, usually diffusely and somewhat
paniculately branched above; the branches either opposite or alternate.
Leaves 5-6 inches long; the lower ones narrowly ovate, with numerous
coarse often irregular teeth ; those of the branches often with few unequal
teeth towards the base. Heads very numerous, rather small. Pappus about
the length of the corolla.
§4. Heads 8-30-flowered: scales of the campanulate involucre 8- 20, nearly
equal and in a single series: herbaceous: leaves opposite or rarely alternate,
ovate, petioled, not punctate or sprinkled with resinous globules: achenia not
glandular: flowers white or purple.
20. E. ageratoides (Linn, f.): glabrous; stem branching; leaves opposite,
on long petioles, broadly ovate, sometimes slightly cordate, acuminate, tripli-
nerved, membranaceous, coarsely and sharply serrate ; corymbs compound ;
heads 12- 20-flowered; scales of the involucre 12-14, equal, in a single
series, narrowly lanceolate, scarious and rather obtuse at the tips, slightly
pubescent and ciliate ; corolla narrowed below, campanulate at the summit,
longer than the pappus; achenia glabrous__ Linn. f . ! suppl. p. 355;
Willd. ! spec. 3. p . 1765; Pursh ! fl. 2. p . 516 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 303; Bigel.
fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 298 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 305; Darlingt. ft. Cest.
p. 451; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 175. E. urtictefolium, Reich, syst. 3. p . 719 ;
Michx. ! f l . 2 . p. 100 ; not of Linn. f . &f Smith. E. ceanothifolium, DC.
1. c. ? E. caule erecto, &c. Linn. ! hort. Cliff, p. 396. Ageratum altissi-
mum, L in n .! spec. 2. p. 839.
Moist rich woodlands and thickets, Canada! & Upper Missouri! to Georgia!
and Louisiana! common, particularly in the Northern States. Aug.-Sept.__
Stem 2-3 feet high; the summit and branches a little pubescent. Leaves
usually large, 4-6 inches long, glabrous or with a few minute scattered hairs,
mostly dilated and obtuse or truncate at the base, sometimes abruptly tapering
into the petiole ; the latter 1 to 2 inches in length. Flowers pure white,
very numerous, exhaling a somewhat unpleasant odor. Lobes of the corolla
ovate, glabrous. Style much exserted.
VOL. II.-12