series, rather firm, shorter than the pappus. The rays are pale lilac. The
stem is glabrous or slightly pubescent, 1 to 2 feet high.
83. A . abbreviatus (Nees): stem erect, glabrous, or hairy in lines, racemose
; the branches short, thyrsoid or simple; lower leaves oval-lanceolate,
serrate, adnate-decurrent along the petiole, scabrous above, smooth beneath;
the upper oblong-lanceolate and somewhat entire ; scales of the involucre
loosely imbricated, lanceolate-linear. DC.—Nees, synops. p . 16; DC. prodr.
5. p. 234. A. Cornuti, Mull, ex Nees. A. acuminatus, Nees, Ast. p. 60,
not of Michx. See. (Varies with the branches short or elongated. Rays pale
blue. DC.)
North America? (obtained by Nees, in the year 1802, from the Marburg
garden.) Sept. (v. sp. in. hort. Berol.)—Nees has strangely confounded this
species with the widely different A. acuminatus, Michx. It resembles A.
preecox, and is also compared with the following species. The lower leaves
are scabrous and tapering to the base, while the uppermost are smooth and
closely sessile by a broad base. Perhaps it is not of American origin.
84. A . patid/us (Lam.): stem glabrous, racemose-paniculate; the branches
spreading; leaves oblong, deeply serrate, tapering into a petiole ; the upper
surface glabrous, or rough with a very minute pubescence; the lower glabrous;
the margins scabrous ; involucre imbricated [achenia glabrous]. DC.
—Lam. diet. 1. p. 308 ; Desf.! cat. hort. Par. p. 102; DC. ! prodr. 5. p.
234. A. paniculatus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2035 (in part), fide Nees. A.
Tradescanti, Hoffm. phytogr. bl. p. 68, t. D. f . 2, fide Nees. A. Cornuti,
Wendl. in Nees, Ast. p . 58.
/?. rays pale; leaves somewhat glabrous. DC. 1. c. “ A. pallens, Willd.
enum. suppl.p. 58 ; Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1509,” ex DC. A. Cornuti /?. Nees,
l. c. (v. sp. ex hort. Par. hort. Berol.)
North America.—This is doubtless of American origin, and was perhaps
derived from Canada; but we have never met with an indigenous specimen:
the A. Cornuti, Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. appears to be only a state of A. miser;
and is certainly different from the plant cultivated under that name in the
Berlin garden.—The cultivated plant has much the habit of A. cordifblius,
&c., except that none of the leaves are cordate. Stem 2 to 3 feet high,
glabrous ; the spreading paniculate branches somewhat pubescent in lines;
the heads mostly solitary on the branchlets. Leaves all very sharply
serrate, with more or less incurved teeth ; the lowermost elliptical, tapering
into a channelled petiole, acute, the base and apex entire ; the upper oblong
and oblong-lanceolate, much acuminate, narrowed below, sometimes into a
short margined petiole; those of the branches sessile. Heads middle-sized.
Scales of the involucre imbricated in 3 to 4 series, somewhat unequal, subulate
linear, acute. Rays numerous, narrow, blue according to De Candolle,
flesh-color turning purplish according to Nees. Achenia perfectly glabrous.
85. A . stenophyllus (Lindl.): stem nearly glabrous, racemose; the
branches spreading, very densely racemose at the summit; cauline leaves
linear-lanceolate, much acuminate, rather scabrous; heads secund; scales
of the involucre linear, acuminate; the inner membranaceous and colored.
Lindl. in DC. prodr. 5. p. 243.
North America ? Cultivated in the English gardens.—Rays pale flesh-
color ; the disk changing. Lindl.—Placed between A. diflusus and A. miser.
86. A . obliquus (Nees): stem glabrous below, racemose-compound above,
strict; the branches somewhat corymbose at the summit; leaves linear-
lanceolate, sessile, mucronate, somewhat entire, scabrous above, oblique;
those of the branches spreading; involucre lax ; the exterior scales larger,
spatulate-lanceolate, speading. Nees, Ast. p. 76; DC. prodr. 5. p. 237.
A. rigidulus, Desf. cat. hort. Par. (1815) p. 122, fide Nees &f DC.
North America. New York, Bernhardi, ex Nees.—Heads small, lilac
and white. Exterior scales of the involucre few, 1-2, linear-spatulate,
exceeding or equalling the others, which are linear, nearly equal, and with
a membranaceous margin. Achenia pubescent-scabrous.—This, to us
extremely obscure species, is placed by Nees between A. blandus and A.
hiemalis, and is considered to be the A. lanceolatus of American authors.
Nees has a wild specimen from New York, but we cannot identify the plant.
87. A. (Bstivus (Ait.): leaves lanceolate, somewhat clasping, entire,
glabrous, with scabrous margins; scales of the lax involucre equal; stem
(2 feet high) hispid; rays blue. Ait. Kew. {ed. 1.) 3 .p. 203.
“ Labrador Starwort. Native of North America. Introduced, 1776, by
Messrs. Gordon & Graeffer. July-Aug.” Ait. 1. c.—Willdenow gives the
following character: “ Leaves lanceolate, somewhat clasping, entire, attenuate
at the apex, the margins scabrous; stem branched from the base,
erect; branchlets hairy ; scales of the involucre lax, linear, acute, equal;”
and he remarks that it is nearly past flowering when the other American
species commence. Pursh, who copies the character of Willdenow, professes
to have seen the plant in dry swamps and copses in New York and
Pennsylvania, as well as dried specimens in the Banksian herbarium and
that of Mr. Lambert. Nees, who describes both from spontaneous and
cultivated specimens (although the origin of the former is not mentioned),
gives the following character: “ Leaves lanceolate, ciliate; the radical
appressed-serrate; the cauline entire; stem (glabrous) paniculately branched
or racemose; the branchlets loose, scattered, one-flowered; inner scales
of the narrow obconic involucre subulate.” ; Nees, Ast. p. 74. It often
begins to flower, according to Nees,'in the middle of the month of June.
The heads are said to be small; the rays nearly white ; the achenia puberu-
lent and narrowed into a stipe. We have not been able to identify either
the original species of Aiton, or that of Nees (which are probably different)
with indigenous specimens; nor do we possess specimens of the cultivated
plant.
88. A.foliolosus (Ait.): stem pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, entire,
glabrous ; those of the branches much spreading; involucre imbricated, the
scales acute. Ait. Kew. {ed. 1) 3. p. 202. A. ericoides Meliloti agrarise
umbone, Dill. Elth. p. 39, t. 35, ƒ. 39. A. hiemalis, Nees, Ast. p. 77 ? (A.
salicifolius, Nees, synops. p. 26.)
North America: Cult. 1732, by. James Sherard, M. D. Hort. Kew.—The
A. foliolosus of Aiton appears to have been founded upon the plant of
Dillenius, which Nees cites under his A. hiemalis, a species of unknown
origin. The description of A. hiemalis accords very well with the figure of
Dillenius.
89. A . thyrsiflorus (Hoffm.): stem racemose-compound, spreading; the
branches elongated, spicate-racemose at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate,
attenuate, clasping, the margin scabrous, serrulate ; scales of the lax involucre
lanceolate, unequal, recurved. Nees.—“ Hoffm. phytogr. bl. 1. p. 83,
t. D ,f. 1” ; Nees, Ast. p. 65; DC. prodr. 5. p. 235. A. junceus, Ait. Kew.
{ed. 1) 3. p. 204? A. recurvatus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 2047 (chiefly), fide
Nees.
|3. squarrosus (Lindl.): leaves all linear, squarrose-recurved; branches
racemose at the summit; heads larger. Lindl. ! in DC. 1. c.
Virginia ? {Hoffman.) Oct.-Nov.—Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
tapering from the base to the apex, clasping, serrulate in the middle.
Heads middle-sized, lilac. Scales of the involucre somewhat equal, linear-
lanceolate; the inner colored at the apex. Achenia glabrous. Nees. In
our specimens (from the English gardens), the heads are large and showy,
and the upper leaves nearly or quite entire.—Probably this species (rather