stem ; scales of the involucre subulate-linear; achenia minutely pubescent.
—Lin d l.! in HooJc. compan. to hot. mag. 1. p. 97, 8f in DC. prodr. 5. p. 234.
St. Louis, Missouri, and also Texas, Drummond! Western Louisiana,
Dr. Leavenworth ! Dr. Hale !—Plant intermediate in its characters between
A. undulatus, cordifolius, and sagittifolius, resembling some states of the
former in its pubescence, the second somewhat in its petioled and mostly
cordate cauline leaves, and the latter in inflorescence; but apparently distinct
from either. Stem strict and rather stout, apparently 1 to 3 feet high,
when old less canescent and more scabrous. Leaves serrate with appressed
teeth, appearing somewhat crenate, velvety beneath ; the lower ones 2 to 4
inches long, on narrowly margined petioles 1-3 inches in length. Heads as
large as in the preceding, often nearly sessile and glomerate or crowded on
the branchlets. Involucre pubescent. Rays blue ; the disk turning purple.
—We here introduce the two following species (known to us only by the
very brief characters given in De Candolle), on account of their apparently
close resemblance to this and the preceding species.
34. A. urophyllus (Lindl.): stem racemose-panicled, the branches thyr-
soid; leaves ovate-lanceolate, very much acuminate, sharply crenate-serrate,
very scabrous above, the lower surface hairy ; scales of the imbricated involucre
subulate. Lindl. in DC. prodr. 5. p . 233.
Louisiana.—Species near A. hirtellus. Rays white, longer than the involucre
; the disk purple. Lindl.—Is it not A. sagittifolius, without the radical
leaves ? No information is given respecting the source from which the
specimens of this and the following were derived.
35. A . hirtellus (Lindl.): stem racemose-panicled, the racemose branches
crowded and few-leaved; leaves cordate-ovate, crenate-serrate in the middle,
very scabrous above, the lower surface hairy ; involucre loosely imbricated.
Lindl. in DC. prodr. 5. p . 233.
Louisiana.—Rays perhaps lilac-color; the disk purple. Lindl.—We
have from Western Louisiana (collected by Dr. Leavenworth) very imperfect
specimens, which may perhaps be referred to this species, if indeed
they are not rather a more glabrous and attenuated state of A.'Drummondii,
with loose and virgate racemes: the tall and slender stem is nearly glabrous;
the branches scabrous-pubescent; the cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate
in the middle, more or less cordate, on distinct margined petioles, strigose-
scabrous above, pubescent beneath.
36. A . Lindleyanus: stem stout, glabrous, or pubescent in lines, corymbose
paniculate above ; leaves (thickish) mostly smooth and glabrous, ovate,
sharply and unequally serrate; the radical and lowest cauline usually somewhat
cordate, on broadly margined petioles; the uppermost oblong-lanceolate,
narrowed at the base, sessile; heads loosely-paniculate or somewhat
corymbose; scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat unequal,
rather loosely imbricated; achenia at length almost glabrous.—A.
paniculatus <5. ? (& a. chiefly) Hook. ! fl. Dor.-Am. 2. p. 8.
/3. stem and lower surface of the leaves (especially the midrib and petiole)
pubescent with loose somewhat deciduous hairs.
y. more slender; leaves membranaceous ; the radical and lower cauline
Darrowed into a winged (ciliate) petiole.—A. praecox, Lindl. ! in Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. 2. p. 9, not of Willd.
Saskatchawan, Drummond! and on the Red or Assiniboin River, Douglas
! to Slave Lake, RichardsonJ /3. Rocky Mountains (probably about
lat. 52°), Drummond ! y. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, Richardson
!—Plant 2i to 4 feet high, when growing in low fertile soils on the
Assiniboin River, according to Douglas (in herb. Hook.); the Arctic specimens
12 to 18 inches high. Leaves thickish or somewhat fleshy, 1-3
inches long, mostly acute or acuminate, serrate with small and irregular
sharp spreading teeth ; the lowest only cordate (and mostly slightly so), or
often truncate at the base, on rather long margined or winged partly sheathing
petioles, which when young are usually ciliate with soft hairs, but afterwards
naked: upper cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acute or
acuminate at each end. Flower branches erect, often nearly simple, and
corymbose at the summit, leafy only at the divisions. Heads larger than in
A. cordifolius or sagittifolius : rays about 20, blue or violet; the disk changing
to purple. Scales of the involucre rather few, with slender linear-lanceolate
green tips—To this apparently well-marked and exclusively northern
species we also refer the specimens of Douglas which are cited under
A. sagittifolius in Hooker’s Flo ra ; which, like others from Saskatchawan,
are larger than the Arctic plant, and with more numerous and rather
smaller heads, but there is no other difference. In the latter, even the radical
leaves are but slightly cordate or truncate at the base, and some of them
frequently taper into the petiole ; so that we find no adequate distinction between
them and the A. praecox, L in d l. in Hook., which was collected in the
same region.
37. A . ciliolatus (Lindl.): stem simple (6-8 inches high); leaves all
ovate, sharply serrate in the middle, ciliate, abruptly narrowed into a
[margined] petiole, scabrous along the margins; heads axillary, sessile or on
short pedicels, somewhat solitary ; scales of the involucre erect, with membranaceous
tips. L in d l . ! in Hook. f l . B o r .-Am . 2. p . 9, in D C . p ro d r .
5. p. 235.
Slave Lake, Richardson !—Dr. Lindley has remarked the close resemblance
of this plant to his A. prtecox (our A. Lindleyanus '/.), of which we
greatly fear it is only a depauperate state. The heads are smaller, and in
a specimen which bears 6 or 7 they are somewhat spicate or glomerate.
Like the preceding, the margins of the young leaves and petioles are fringed
with white hairs, which are usually deciduous when the leaves are fully
developed ; so that the name is not very appropriate.
* * * * * * * * Heads (small and numerous) paniculate-racemose: scales of the cam-
panulate or hemispherical involucre closely imbricated in several series, rigid, more or
less unequal; the coriaceous whitish base appressed, with abru/pt mostly squarrose or
spreading herbaceous tips: achenia minutely pubescent: rays (10-25) white or pale
pwrple: stems much branched or diffuse: cauline leaves rigid, sessile, linear, lanceolate,
or subulate, entire; the radical and lowermost oblanceolate or spat/ulate, sometimes
serrate.—Ericoidei.
t Leaves tapering to each end, or narrowed at the base: scales of the involucre
broadest at the base, with subulate or acute green tips.
38. A . ericoides (Linn.): glabrous or slightly hairy, racemose-compound;
the simple branchlets or peduncles racemose and mostly unilateral on the
virgate spreading branches; leaves rather rigid; the radical and lowest
cauline oblanceolate or oblong-spatulate, tapering into a short margined
petiole, often serrate ; the others linear-lanceolate and linear-subulate, entire,
acute at each end; scales of the hemispherical or often slightly turbinate
involucre with acute or abruptly acuminate tips terminating the broader
closely appressed lower portion; the outermost subulate from a very short
base.—L in n .! spec. 2. p . 875 (excl. syn. D ill.) ; A it. Kew. (ed. 1) 3 .p.
202 ; W illd . spec. 3. p . 2027 ; P u r sh ! fl. 2. p . 546 ; E l l . ! sk . 2. p . 348 ;
not of L am . Sf Michx. ! A. ericoides & A. glabellus, Nees. A s t. p . 1 07 ;
L i n d l . ! in herb. Hook. Sf herb T o r r .; D C . ' p rodr. 5. p . 242. A. sparsi-
florus, Michx. ! fl. 2. p . 242 ; W illd . enum. 2. p . 880, in part (also including
specimens of A. coridifolius & A. tenuifolius, fide Nees). A. tenuifolius,