268 C OM PO S IT E . B orrichia.
ovate appendage. Branches of the style (in the disk) elongated, rather thick,
somewhat terete, acutish, hispid from the summit to near the base. Achenia
somewhat cuneiform, 3-4-angled, crowned with a short coroniform 4-toothed
(or nearly obsolete) pappus.—Shrubby (American and mostly tropical) maritime
plants. Leaves opposite and somewhat connate, oblong or linear, coriaceous
or fleshy. Heads solitary, pedunculate. Flowers yellow.
1. B. arborescens (DC.): glabrous; leaves lanceolate, mucronately acute,
narrowed at the base, entire; exterior scales of the involucre ovate, rather
acute, appressed ; the interior obtuse, membranaceous ; chaff of the receptacle
spatulate, obtuse.—Buphthalmum arborescens, Linn. spec. (ed. 2.) 2. p.
1273. Asteriscus, &c., Dill. Eltli. t. 38, f . 43. Corona-solis frutescens, &c.,
Plum. Amer. ed. Burm. 1.16, ƒ 2. Diomedea unidentata, Cass, in diet. 1. c.
13. p. 284. D. glabrata, H. B. <!y K.
Key West, Mr. Blodgett!—A large shrub.
2. B. frutescens (DC.): canescent with a minute appressed silky pubescence
; leaves lanceolate or spatulate, obtuse, attenuate and usually 1-2-
toothed towards the base ; those of the branches often toothless, sometimes
linear; exterior scales of the involucre somewhat spreading, rather acute;
the interior and the chaff of the receptacle cuspidate with a rigid point.—D C .!
prodr. 5. p. 489. Buphthalmum frutescens, Linn. ! spec. {ed. 1) 2. p. 903 ;
Walt. ! Car. p. 212 ; Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 130 ; Pursh, Jl. 2. p. 563 ; Ell. sic.
2. p . 408. Asteriscus frutescens &e. Dill. Elth. t. 38, ƒ. 44. Chrysanthemum
frutieosum &c., Catesb. Car. 1. t. 93. Diomedea bidenlata, Cass. 1. c.
On the coast, Virginia! to Florida! and Key West! June-Oct.—A
small shrubby plant. The leaves vary from obovate or broadly spatulate to
linear; in all the states being either obtuse or aeuminate-mucronate, entire,
or with one or two sharp salient teeth near the base, or remotely denticulate
throughout: the exterior scales of the involucre are often rather appressed;
the inner either canescent, or nearly glabrous with ciliate margins, and the
spinous points of the chaff are at first rather shorter than the flowers.
Hence perhaps B. argentea, B. Peruviana, and Buphth. lineare, Willd. are
not sufficiently distinct.
68. ECLIPTA. Linn. mant. Gcertn.fr. t. 169; DC. prodr. 5. p. 489.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers pistillate, ligulate, short, in a
single series; those of the disk tubular and perfect. Scales of the involucre
10—12, in a double series, foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate.
Receptacle flat, furnished with linear-filiform or bristly chaff, as long as the
achenia. Corolla of the ray-flowers with a narrow ligule rather shorter than
the involucre ; of the disk inflated above, 4 - (rarely 5- ?) toothed. Appendages
of the style hairy. Achenia 3-4-sided ; those of the disk mostly by
compression 2-sided, the sides roughened or tuberculate, somewhat hairy at
the summit. Pappus none, or an obsolete denticulate crown.—Chiefly annual
scabrous or slrigose herbs; the stems erect, diffuse, or procumbent.
Leaves opposite, serrate or nearly entire, lanceolate or oblong, feather-veined,
or somewhat triplinerved. Heads on axillary solitary or geminate, or terminal
and temate, peduncles. Flowers white. Anthers brownish. Juice
of the stem turning black.
Ecmpta. C O M PO S IT E . 2G9
1. E . erecta (Linn.) : more or less strigose throughout with closely appressed
rigid hairs ; stem erect, ascending, or decumbent; leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, acute or attenuate at each end, sparingly or obscurely
serrate ; scales of the involucre acute or acuminate ; pedicels 3-6 times the
length of the head.—L in n .! mant. p. 157, {pi. Gronov. fyc.); Lam. ill. t. 687 ;
Pursh, jl. 2.p. 561; D C .! prodr. 5.p. 490. E. procumbens, Michx. ! jl. 2.p.
129 ; Pursh, l. c .; Ell. sic. 2. p. 403 ; DC. ! 1. c. Verbesina alba, Linn,
spec. 2. p. 902. Eupatorio-phalacron &c., Dill. Elth. t. 113; /. 137. Sca-
biosa conyzoides &e., Pluk. aim. t. 109,/. 1. Amellus Carolinianus, Walt.
Car. p. 313. Grangea lanceolata, Poir. Ox DC.
(3. brachypoda: pedicels as long as the heads, or about twice their length.
—E. brachypoda,>Michx. 1. c. (but the corolla of the disk 4-cleft!), scarcely
of DC.
Banks of streams, and in damp sandy soil, Maryland ! and Kentucky! to
Florida! and Louisiana! common. (Also at Mulgrave Sound on the N.
W. Coast, according to De Candolle.) fi. Maryland! Kentucky! and
Louisiana ! with the ordinary form. June-Oct.—Stems 1-3 feet long, often
rooting at the base. Heads small; the flowers rather inconspicuous. Chaff
of the receptacle fringed. In all the specimens from numerous localities
which we have examined, we have, like Elliott, never found a 5-cleft
corolla, and therefore suspect some mistake on the part of Walter and Mich-
aux. The plant which in every other respect accords with the E. brachypoda,
Michx., only differs in its shorter pedicels, upon which we think little
dependence can be placed. Our plant frequently has the peduncles 5 to 6
times the length of the head ; and we have seen East Indian specimens of
E. erecta with the peduncles as short as in E. brachypoda.
T ribe IV. SENECIONIDEfiE. Less.
Heads heterogamous, homogamous, or heterocephalous (dioecious or
monoecious). Sty le (in the perfe ct flowers) cylindraceous above ; the
branches linear (somewhat thickened or convex ex te rn a lly ), penicil-
late or h a iry a t the apex, e ither tru n c a te , or produced into a cone, or
a more or less elongated and hispid appendage ; the stigmatic lines
te rm in a tin g in the base o f th e cone or appendage, no t confluent.—
Leaves opposite or a lte rn a te .
CONSPECTUS OF THE SUBTRIBES.
Subtribe 1. Melampodineie . Flowers all unisexual; the staminate and pistillate
either occupying the same, or different heads, in the same or different individuals.
Anthers not caudate. Pappus never of bristles.
Subtribe 2. H eliantheje. Heads heterogamous and radiate, or homogamous and
discoid. Receptacle partly or entirely chaffy. Pappus none, or coroniform, or
awned, or of few squamellse. Anthers blackish, not caudate. Leaves often
opposite.
Subtribe 3. F laverte®. Heads 1-few-flowered, densely aggregated, heterogamous.
Leaves opposite.
Subtribe 4. T agetine®. Heads heterogamous and radiate, or homogamous and
discoid. Receptacle not chaffy. Pappus awned or setose. Involucre with the
scales in a single series and mostly united, dotted, like the opposite leaves, with
large pellucid glands.
Subtribe 5. H ei.enie®. Heads mostly heterogamous. Pappus of several or numerous
scarious chaffy scales, in a single series, distinct, rarely none. Leaves
mostly alternate.