Moist shady places, and along streams, Massachusetts! to Louisiana!
common; the more pubescent forms occurring in the Southern States.
July-Sept.—Flowers purplish-white or flesh-color. Anthers appendiculate
at the apex.
18. CONOCLINIUM. DC. prodr. 5. p . 134.
Heads many-flowered. Involucre campanulate ; the scales linear or subulate,
somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series, nearly equal. Receptacle naked,
conical! Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers
included. Branches of the style somewhat cylindrical, obtuse. Achenia
angled, glabrous. Pappus capillary, scabrous, in a single series.—Perennial
herbs or suffruticose (American) plants, with opposite petioled toothed leaves.
Corymbs terminal, crowded. Flowers blue or purple.
1 . C. ccdestinum (D C .! 1. c .): herbaceous, pubescent or nearly glabrous;
leaves deltoid-ovate, often slightly cordate, tapering to the apex, coarsely
crenate-serrate, tripli-nerved, on slender petioles ; scales of the (30-60-flow-
ered) involucre about 30, nearly subulate.—Eupatorium coelestinum, Linn,
spec. 2. p. 838 ; Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1764 ; Michx. > Jl. 2. p. 100 ; Ell. sk. 2. p.
306 ; Darlingt.! jl. Cest. p. 462. Coelestina casrulea, Spreng. syst. 3. p.
446 ; Beck! hot. p. 198 ; Hook. ! compan. to bot. mag. p. 96; not of Cass.,
Less. <^c.
Thicketi &c. Pennsylvania, and throughout the Western and Southern
States! Sept.—Stem 2-3 feet high, sometimes hairy. Flowers light bluish-
purple, fragrant. Achenia dotted with resinous globules.—The genus is distinguished
from Eupatorium merely by the conical receptacle.
Subtribe 2. T u s s il a g in e j e , Less.—Heads with the flowers dissimilar or
somewhat dioecious (white, purplish, or sometimes yellow); the pistillate
either ligulate or tubular.
19. NARDOSMIA. Cass. diet. 35. p . 186 ; Less. syn. p . 139.
Heads many-flowered, somewhat dioecious. S t e r i l e P l. Flowers of
the ray in a single series, pistillate, ligulate ; of the disk numerous, perfect
but infertile, with the corolla tubular and 5-toothed. F e r t i l e P l. Flowers
of the ray in several series, pistillate, minutely ligulate; those of the
disk few, tubular. Scales of the involucre in a single series, equal to or
shorter than the flowers. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia somewhat terete,
glabrous. Pappus capillary, that of the sterile plant shorter and less copious
than of the fertile.—Perennial herbs (in N. America nearly confined to the
northern regions). Leaves radical, cordate, toothed or lobed, petioled, appearing
with or rather later than the flowers. Scape with scaly bracts; the
heads in a fastigiate thyrsus or corymb. Flowers purplish or nearly white,
fragrant.
1. N. frigida (Hook.) : leaves cordate, unequally coarsely and obtusely
toothed, and somewhat lobed, glabrous above, the lower surface white and
tomentose; the lobes at the base diverging. DC.—Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 1 .
p . 307 (excl. /3. ?); DC. prodr. 5. p. 205. N. augulosa, Cass. diet. 1. c. ;
Less, in Linneea, 6. p. 107. Tussilago frigida, L in n .; FI. Dan. t. 61 ;
Pursh, jl. 2. p. 531. T. scapo imbricato, &c. Ghnel. jl. Sibir. 2. p .
150, t. 70.
Arctic America, from lat. 66°, Richardson! Kotzebue’s Sound! and Una-
laschka! to Lake Winipeg, lat. 52°, the mountains of Canada, and the
highest mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire, according to Pursh.
2. N. corymbosa (Hook.): leaves cordate, sinuate and acutely denticulate,
oblong, acute, glabrous above, tomentose beneath ; the lobes at the base diverging.
DC.—Hook. ! 1. c. ; DC. prodr. 5. p . 206. Tussilago corymbosa,
R. B r .! in Parry's 1st voy. suppl. p . 269; Hook. &f Am. ! bot.
Beechey, p. 126.
Arctic America, from Melville Island ! to Kotzebue’s Sound ! and south to
Fort Norman, in about lat. 65°.—Corymb with few heads.
3. N. sagittata (Hook.): leaves oblong, acute, sagittate, entire ; the lobes
obtuse, DC. (leaves cordate or reniform-sagittate, sinuate-toothed, tomentose
beneath. Hook. ! 1. c.—Tussilago sagittata, Pursh, jl. 2. p . 332.
Hudson’s Bay (Hutchinson), Pursh. Swamps in the Rocky Mountains
(Drummond!) and from Lake Superior in lat. 48°, to Fort Franklin in lat.
66°, Richardson.—With numerous specimens before us, we strongly suspect
(as Hooker also does) that this and the two preceding are in reality one
species. Hooker’s N. sagittata has deeply toothed leaves, which are sometimes
reniform. Can it be the same as Pursh’s plant with “ foliis in-
tegerrimis” ?
4. N. palmata (Hook.): leaves reniform or roundish-cordate, tomentose
beneath, palmately 5-7-lobed the segments coarsely toothed, often incised
or somewhat lobed.—Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p . 308; DC. 1. c. N. palmata,
Hookeriana, & speciosa, N u tt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7.
p . 288. Tussilago palmata, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1 ) 3. p. 188, t. 2 ; W illd .! spec.
3. p. 1972; Pursh ! jl. 2. p. 531; Beck, bot. p. 199.
Swamps and shady banks of streams, Newfoundland & Labrador! and
from Bear Lake, lat. 67°, to the Rocky Mountains ! and to the Pacific at the
mouth of the Oregon ! Also Lake Huron and Maine, Nuttall. Fairhaven,
Vermont, Mr. Robbins! Prof. Beck. Sunderland, Massachusetts, Prof.
Hitchcock! Saratoga, New York, Dr. Steele! April-May.—Leaves sometimes
10 to 12 inches in diameter, when fully developed. Scape stout, 6-20
inches high, with numerous leaf-sheaths. Heads numerous, in a corymbose
thyTsus.—Some specimens from the Rocky Mountains are noticed by Hooker,
which, if they really belong to this species, approach the preceding perhaps
too closely. Mr. Nuttall’s N. Hookeriana is said to be founded upon the N.
palmata of Hooker, as well as of Willdenow, Pursh in part, and De Candolle.
His N. speciosa is the N. palmata of Hooker from Oregon : the specimens
accord so well with the figure of Aiton, and with the plant of the Northern
United States, &c. (which presents very considerable diversities in size and
foliage) that we see not how it is to be distinguished. Although the species of
this genus are by no means well settled, it is evident that little dependence
can be placed on the degree of division or toothing of the leaves. The submasculine
and subfeminine plants are different in appearance.
20. TUSSILAGO. Tourn.; Gcertn.fr. t. 170; Less. syn. p . 159.
Heads many-flowered, heterogamous. Flowers of the ray very narrowly
ligulate, in several series, pistillate ;■ those of the disk few, tubular (the limb