color.—We have described the fruit from the single specimen collected by
Lieut. Fremont; which alone exhibits it fully developed. The slender
terete achenium, with the beak, is nearly three-fourths of an inch long; and
the apex, as in other species, is abruptly dilated into a flat disk for the insertion
of the pappus, which is quite fugacious. In no case do we find the in-
volucral scales united as in Hooker’s figure.—This is possibly the Macro-
rhynchus aurantiacus, Fisch. 8f Meyer; a species of unknown origin : but it
does not sufficiently accord with the brief character given by De Candolle.
2. M. laciniatus: nearly glabrous, at least when old, acaulescent; leaves
narrowly li near, sparingly laciniale-toothed towards the base, or subpinnatifid;
the lobes (1-3 on each side) linear, slender; scales of the involucre lanceolate,
acute, imbricated in 3-4 series ; the outer shorter and somewhat spreading,
woolly-pubescent when young, as well as the summit of the scape;
“ stipe more than twice the length of the achenium.”—Stylopappus (Troxi-
ineria) laciniatus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
|3. longifolius: leaves more pubescent, deeply divided, slender; exterior
scales of the involucre nearly equalling the inner, foliaceous, spreading.—
Stylopappus laciniatus /3. longifolius, Nutt. ! 1. c.
Plains of the Wahlamet, Oregon, Nuttall! Oregon, Dr. Scouler / (var. /?.)
—Plant 6-12 or 20 inches high. Heads nearly as large as in M. troximoides.
Flowers pale yellow.
3. M. elatus: at length nearly glabrous, acaulescent; leaves sparingly
and unequally pinnatifid, glaucous; the lobes and rachis narrowly linear-
lanceolate; scape woolly when young; scales of the involucre hirsute, lanceolate,
imbricated in 3 or 4 series, the exterior shorter; stipe rather longer than
the slender achenium (marginal infertile ? achenia minutely pubescent.)—
Stylopappus (Troximeria) elatus, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
On the Wahlamet, with the preceding, Nuttall!—Scape 1-2 feet high ;
sometimes with a single small leaf. Stipe of the achenium filiform.—Nearly
allied to M. laciniatus.
4. M. Lessingii (Hook. & Arn.): root perennial; stem scapiform, glabrous
; leaves glabrous, narrowly linear, pinnatifid, with segments short and
remote (leaves either entire, toothed, or subpinnatifid, obtuse, elongated obo-
vate, D C .); scales of the involucre rather obtuse, with scarious margins,
somewhat hirsute ; achenia fusiform, deeply 10-striate-sulcate, the ribs obtuse
and not winged, one-third the length of the filiform beak (those of the
outer and inner flowers similar); pappus soft, caducous. Hoolc. Arn. lot.
Beechey, suppl. p. 361. Borkhausia Lessingii, Hook. 8f Arn. 1. c. p. 145.
Troximon apargioides, Less, in Linneea, 6. p. 501; DC. prodr. 7. p . 252.
California, Chamisso, Capt. Beechey, Douglas.—This plant is unknown
to us. Lessing says it has the aspect of Krigia Virginica, or a state of Leon-
todon autumnale with a single head.
* * Scales of the hemispherical involucre dissimilar; the exterior short, foliaceous,
denticulate, squarrose-spreading.
5. M. grandiflorus: pubescent or at length glabrous, acaulescent; leaves
lanceolate, lyrately pinnatifid, tapering into long petioles; the terminal lobe
large and oblong-lanceolate; scape stout, fistulous, striate, woolly at the
base ; exterior scales of the involucre ovate, obtuse, rather rigid, in 2-3 series,
about half the length of the inner, which are narrowly lanceolate-linear,
acute, somewhat scarious, as long as the pappus; achenia linear-oblong,
acute at each end, 10-striate, about one-third the length of the setiform beak;
pappus very soft and slender.—Stylopappus grandiflorus, N u tt.! 1. c.
High plains of the Wahlamet, Nuttall!—Scape a foot high. Head larger
than that of the Dandelion; only seen in fruit. Achenia very small for the
size of the head, 2-3 lines long (the exterior abortive, N u t t . ) ; the capillary
stipe twice the length of the very white pappus.
§ 2. Annual: ligules elongated: achenia linear-oblong, glabrous, obtuse ;
the outer series inflated and scarcely striate ; the others compressed \obcom-
pressedl], with 10 acute narrowly winged ribs: scales of the involucre imbricated
in few series, the exterior shorter and calyculate.—C ry f to -
fueura, Nutt.
6. M. Californicus: dwarf (3-4 inches high), subcaulescent, hirsute: leaves
linear-lanceolate, incisely serrate ; scales of the involucre in about 3 series ;
the outer ovate, acute, hirsute; the inner lanceolate ; achenia about half the
length of the filiform beak.—Cryptopleura Californica, Nutt, in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. 1. c. p. 431.
Near St. Barbara, California, Nuttall.—The achenia are said to be yellowish
white: the pappus very soft and white. We have not seen the plant,
and have derived the character wholly from Nuttall’s description.
§ 3. Annual: ligules scarcely exserted: achenia (glabrous or nearly so) with
the ribs callous-corky or winged : scales o f the involucre in few series, oppressed,
or the exterior foliaceous and squarrose-spreading.—Macrorhyn-
chus, Less., Fisch. & Meyer. (Trochoseris, Poepp. Endl. Kyma-
pleura, Nutt.)
7 . M. hetrophyllus (Nutt.): dwarf, subcaulescent, villous-pubescent when
young; primary leaves oblanceolate or spatulate,mostly entire; the others
sparingly pinnatifid, with 2-3 short linear lobes on each side; the terminal
lobe elongated, oblong-linear; scape scarcely longer than the leaves; scales
of the involucre lanceolate, appressed, in 2 series ; the outer rather shorter
and somewhat pubescent; achenia with slightly undulated wings, about one-
third the length of the filiform beak.—M. (Kymapleura) heterophyllus, Nutt. !
mss., 8f trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c. p. 430. Kymapleura heterophvlla
Nutt. 1. c. (in errata.) J
Plains of Oregon, Nuttall /—Plant 4-5 inches high, slender. Head small.
Corolla pale yellow, purplish externally, fugacious.—This species appears
to resemble M. Poeppigii. We do not observe any marked difference between
the outer and inner achenia, or that either are at all compressed, or
more than obscurely pubescent, and that only when quite young.
195. TARAXACUM. H a lle r , enum. H e lv . (excl. spec.); J u s s .; D C . l .c .
Head many-flowered. Involucre double ; the exterior of small scales,
either appressed, spreading, or reflexed ; those of the inner erect, in a single
series; all often callous-corniculate at the apex. Receptacle naked. Achenia
oblong, striate-ribbed or angled, muricate on the ribs, the apex abruptly
produced into a long beak. Pappus of copious white capillary bristles.__
Acaulescent perennial herbs, with simple fistulous and naked scapes
bearing a rather large head; the leaves all radical, oblong, or lanceolate,
either nearly entire, sinuate-toothed, or runcinate. Flowers yellow.—
D a n d e lio n .