the conoid-cylindraceous involucre lanceolate, imbricated in 3-4 series-
achenia minutely scabrous, lanceolate-oblong, tapering into a conspicuous
beak. -M. pulchellum 6c M. heterophyllum, Nutt, ƒ in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
(n. set-.) 7, v . 441* Sonchus pulchellus, Pursh! jl. 2. p. 502. S. Sibiricus,
Richards.! appx. Frankl.journ. ed. 2. p. 30; Hook.! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1 . p. 293;
not of Linn, (at least as to the Siberian plant.) Lactuca integrifolia, Nutt. !
gm. 2. p. 124, not of Bigel. (L. oblongifolia, Nutt.! in Fras. cat.') L.
pulchella, D C . prodr. 7 .p . 134. <
a. leaves entire, or the lower occasionally 1- 2-toothed towards the base,
varying from lanceolate-oblong to narrowly linear.
0. lower and sometimes nearly all the cauline leaves runcinate-pinnatifid ;
the lobeg oblong-lanceolate, entire.
Alluvial soil, &c., from the Upper Missouri and Platte, Nuttall! Mr. Ni-
collet. Lieut. Fremont! and Lake Huron (Z)r. Todd), north to Fort Franklin,
in lat. 66°, Richardson! Drummond! and west to the mouth of the Oregon,
Douglas! Mr. Tolmie ! Nuttall! July-Aug— U A foot or more high, with
pretty large heads (the involucre mostly tinged with purple), and showy
bright blue flowers— This plant, in some of its forms, has very much the
aspect of M. Sibiricum; from which it is distinguished by the leaves being
neither acuminate, nor dilated at the base (except the uppermost) or clasping,
by the more imbricated involucre, and especially by the achenium, which
tapers gradually into a prominent beak, the apex of which seldom presents
A I6/ 1™6 of the body of the fruit- The var. 0. is also quite as nearly
allied to M. iartancum; the achenium of which is unknown to us.
* * Achenia with a short and thick or obscure beak: involucre mlycvJMe-imbricated.
2. M. acuminatum (D C .! 1. c .) : glabrous; stem paniculate at the summit;
cauline leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolale, acuminate, denticulate or
toothed, usually somewhat pubescent or hairy on the midrib and veiny be-
Death, contracted at the base into a winged petiole ; the radical rarely sinuate
or slightly runcinate; heads in a loose panicle, on short divaricate and somewhat
bracteolate peduncles; involucre glabrous ; achenia slightlv rostrate.__
Sonchus acuminatus, Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1521; Pursh, Jl. 2. p “.h 02; E ll.!
sk. 2. p . 255; Torr.! comptnd. p. 279; Darlingt.! jl. Cest. p. 446. S.
Floridanus, Michx.! Jl. 2. p. 85, in part. Lactuca villosa, Jacq. hart.
Schtmb. 3. t. 367 ; Beck. hot., p. 170.
Borders of thickets, &c. New York! to Ohio! Kentucky! Georgia! and
o e • ai3u3 ’ —®ept-—(D. Stem 3-6 feet high, often purplish. Leaves
3-6 inches long, thin; the radical and sometimes the lower cauline truncate at
the base. Flowers blue or purplish-blue. Heads small, nearly as in the
following species ; from which the undivided leaves chiefly distinguish it.
3. M. Flondanum{DC. ! 1. c .): glabrous; stem paniculate above ; leaves
lyrately or somewhat runcinately pinnately parted, with the segments sin-
uately or sharply toothed, the terminal usually triangular and acute or acuminate;
the lower leaves petioled, often with small segments interposed; the
uppermost sessile, lanceolate, sinuate-lobed or toothed; heads in a loose
compound panicle, on divaricate slightly bracteolate peduncles; involucre
glabrous; achenia with a short beak— M. lyratum, Cass. diet. 1. c. 33. p.
297. M. divaricatum, Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c, p. 442. Chon-
drilla sylvestris alta, &c., Cldyt.! in Gronov. jl. Virg. p. 115. Sonchus
Floridanus, Lin n .! spec. 2. p. 795 ; Willd. ! spec. 3. p . 1520 ; Michx. ! Jl.
2. p. 85 (in part); Pursh, jl. 2. p. 501; Ell. sk. 2. p. 225. S. Lap-
ponicus, Willd. l.c .? (excl. syn. & habitat.) S. biennis, -Mcench. S. leu-
cophsus. Hook.! compan. to lot. mag. 1 . p . 100. Lactuca Floridana,
Gtertn.fr. 1. 158. Agathyrsus Floridanus, Beck, l. c. (quoad syn.) Galathe-
mum Flondanum, Nutt, in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c.
0. leaves somewhat sessile, or the upper cordate-clasping.—M. multiflorum,
DC. 1. c. Sonchus racemosus, Lam. diet., ex DC. S. multiflorus, Desf.
cat. Par. (1829). p. 145. Galathenium multiflorum, Nutt. 1. c.
y. achenia very obscurely rostrate ; otherwise as in the ordinary plant.
6. lower leaves with one or two narrow and often elongated lobes on each
side ; the terminal large and triangular-hastate, rarely hastately 3-lobed.
In rather rich soil, Southern and Western States! 0. Mountains of
the Southern States, Rafinesque! Herb. SchweinitZ ! Sfc. from Virginia!
and Ohio! to Florida, Louisiana! and Texas! y. Indiana, Dr. Clapp!
8. Ohio, Mr. Lea ! North Carolina, Mr. Curtis ! Tennessee, Rafinesque !.
July-Sept.— 11 or (§) ? Stem 3-6 feet high; the summit and loose
branches often purplish and a little glaucous. Lower leaves large, variable
in form; the terminal lobe often smallest. Heads as large, or rather larger
than in M. leucophasum. Involucre calyculate-imbrieate, often tinged with
purple. Flowers blue.
§ 2. Pappus tawny : corolla light blue, or ochroleucous.—A g a lm a , DC.
4. M. leucopheeum (D C .! 1. c .): glabrous or nearly so ; stem tall, very
leafy, paniculate at the summit; leaves irregularly subruncinate-pinnatifid
or pinnately parted, coarsely and unequally toothed, often sparsely ciliate
and hairy on the veins beneath ; the uppermost often undivided, lanceolate-
acuminate; heads in an ample compound panicle; peduncles racemose,
subulate-bracteolate; involucre glabrous; flowers bluish-white or ochroleucous,
usually changing to a pale dirty blue; achenia slightly rostrate.—
Sonchus alpinus, Linn. ! spec., as to spec. char, only; Smith! ic. pi. rar. t.
21. S. Canadensis, Linn. 1. c., as to the habitat (the whole char, and descr.
relating to the European S. alpinus). S. spicatus, Lam. diet. 3. p. 401.
S. leucophgeus, Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1520 (excl. syn. Walt.) ; Pursh, jl. 2.
p. 501; Desf.! cat. Par.; Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 293. S. acuminatus,
Bigel. jl. Bost. S. Floridanus, A it.! Kew. 3. p. 116; Darlingt.!
jl. Cest. p. 445. S. pallidus, {Pursh?) Torr.! compend. p. 279. Lactuca
Canadensis, &c., flore leucophaeo, Tourn. inst. p. 474. L.Canadensis, Linn,
spec. 2. p .7 9 6 l Agathyrsus leucophseus, Don; Beck, bot. p. 170. Mulge-
dium (Leucomela) ieucopbseum, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. c. p. 442.
0. integrifolia: leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, undivided, or the
lower sparingly runcinate-pinnatifid, or incised.
Low grounds, &c., Saskatchawan! Newfoundland! Canada! Massachusetts!
and throughout the Northern and Western States! to the mountains
of Carolina! Also Oregon, Dr. Scouler! Aug.-Sept.— (f) Plant
3-12 feet high. Lower leaves often a foot long; the upper sessile, and
usually partly clasping. Heads small. Pappus dirty white or tawny-
brownish.—To the synonyms of this well-marked plant, perhaps we should
add that of Sonchus macrophyllus, of American writers.
t Of uncertain origin.
5. M. macrophyllum (DC.! 1. c .): stem strict, hispid at the summit;
leaves ample, cordate at the base, somewhat lyrate, hairy beneath, the
terminal lobe very large and cordate; panicle loose, hispid; involucre
sparingly hispid. DC.—Sonchus macrophyllus, W illd .! spec. 3. p. 1519.
(excl. syn. Gronov.) “ S. Canadensis, Fred, in Ust. ann. 1 . p. 29.” S.
cordifolius, Desf. cat. Par. (1804) p. 87.
“ North America.—Root tuberous. Stem 4-7 feet high. Flowers blue
as large as in the common Succory.” Willd.—This well-marked species was
founded on specimens cultivated in the Berlin Botanic Garden ; the origin of
which is no-where recorded. We have seen nothing like it in this country,